From 10c3746a6df45dd154955a9e91e662260f36363f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Qin <richard.qin.x@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:38:42 +0800
Subject: refactor: adjust code structure

---
 src/core/browser.cc        | 870 +--------------------------------------------
 src/core/form_handler.cc   | 165 +++++++++
 src/core/link_hints.cc     | 104 ++++++
 src/core/local_data.cc     | 171 +++++++++
 src/core/page_loader.cc    |  78 ++++
 src/core/page_processor.cc |  97 +++++
 src/core/search_handler.cc |  81 +++++
 src/core/ui_input.cc       |  94 +++++
 src/core/ui_view.cc        | 103 ++++++
 src/core/utils.cc          | 118 ++++++
 10 files changed, 1021 insertions(+), 860 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/core/form_handler.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/link_hints.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/local_data.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/page_loader.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/page_processor.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/search_handler.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/ui_input.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/ui_view.cc
 create mode 100644 src/core/utils.cc

(limited to 'src/core')

diff --git a/src/core/browser.cc b/src/core/browser.cc
index c4dbb08..86a5096 100644
--- a/src/core/browser.cc
+++ b/src/core/browser.cc
@@ -17,843 +17,26 @@
  */
 
 #include "ricochet/core/browser.hh"
-#include "ricochet/net/http_client.hh"
-#include "ricochet/parser/html_lexer.hh"
-#include "ricochet/parser/tree_builder.hh"
-#include "ricochet/render/renderer.hh"
-#include "ricochet/tui/terminal.hh"
+
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <exception>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
-#include <ranges>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
-namespace ricochet::core {
+#include "ricochet/core/form_handler.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/link_hints.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/local_data.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/page_loader.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/search_handler.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/ui_input.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/ui_view.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/utils.hh"
 
-struct PageData
-{
-  std::vector<std::string> lines;
-  std::vector<std::string> links;
-  std::vector<render::InputField> inputs;
-  std::string title;
-  std::vector<std::string> original_lines {};
-  std::string last_search {};
-  std::size_t current_match_idx { 0 };
-  std::vector<std::size_t> match_lines {};
-};
-
-struct HttpRequest
-{
-  std::string url {};
-  std::string method = "GET";
-  std::string body {};
-};
+namespace ricochet::core {
 
 namespace {
 
-std::string get_config_path( const std::string& filename )
-{
-  const char* home = std::getenv( "HOME" ); // NOLINT(concurrency-mt-unsafe)
-  const std::string dir = ( home != nullptr ) ? std::string( home ) + "/.ricochet" : ".ricochet";
-  static_cast<void>( mkdir( dir.c_str(), 0755 ) );
-  return dir + "/" + filename;
-}
-
-std::string extract_title( const parser::DomNode& root_node )
-{
-  std::vector<const parser::DomNode*> stack;
-  stack.push_back( &root_node );
-
-  while ( !stack.empty() ) {
-    const parser::DomNode* current = stack.back();
-    stack.pop_back();
-
-    std::string base_tag = current->tag_name;
-    const std::size_t space_pos = base_tag.find( ' ' );
-    if ( space_pos != std::string::npos ) {
-      base_tag = base_tag.substr( 0, space_pos );
-    }
-
-    for ( char& c : base_tag ) {
-      if ( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) {
-        c = static_cast<char>( c + 32 );
-      }
-    }
-
-    if ( base_tag == "title" ) {
-      std::string full_title;
-      for ( const auto& child : current->children ) {
-        if ( child.tag_name.empty() ) {
-          full_title += child.text_content;
-        }
-      }
-      if ( !full_title.empty() ) {
-        return full_title;
-      }
-    }
-
-    for ( const auto& child : std::ranges::reverse_view( current->children ) ) {
-      stack.push_back( &child );
-    }
-  }
-  return "";
-}
-
-void save_bookmark( const std::string& title, // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
-                    const std::string& url )
-{
-  if ( url == "ricochet://bookmarks" ) {
-    return;
-  }
-  std::ofstream file( get_config_path( "bookmarks.txt" ), std::ios::app );
-  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::string safe_title = title;
-  if ( safe_title.empty() ) {
-    safe_title = url;
-  }
-  for ( char& c : safe_title ) {
-    if ( c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' ) {
-      c = ' ';
-    }
-  }
-  file << url << '\t' << safe_title << '\n';
-}
-
-std::string generate_bookmarks_html()
-{
-  std::ifstream file( get_config_path( "bookmarks.txt" ) );
-  std::string html = "<html><head><title>My Bookmarks</title></head><body><h1>Saved Bookmarks</h1><ul>";
-  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
-    html += "<li>No bookmarks found. Press 'b' on any page to add one!</li>";
-  } else {
-    std::string line;
-    while ( std::getline( file, line ) ) {
-      const std::size_t tab_pos = line.find( '\t' );
-      if ( tab_pos != std::string::npos ) {
-        const std::string url = line.substr( 0, tab_pos );
-        const std::string title = line.substr( tab_pos + 1 );
-        html += "<li><a href=\"";
-        html += url;
-        html += "\">[Link] ";
-        html += title;
-        html += "</a></li>";
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  html += "</ul></body></html>";
-  return html;
-}
-
-void append_to_history( const std::string& url, // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
-                        const std::string& title )
-{
-  if ( url.starts_with( "ricochet://" ) ) {
-    return;
-  }
-  std::ofstream file( get_config_path( "history.txt" ), std::ios::app );
-  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::string safe_title = title;
-  if ( safe_title.empty() ) {
-    safe_title = url;
-  }
-  for ( char& c : safe_title ) {
-    if ( c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' ) {
-      c = ' ';
-    }
-  }
-  file << url << '\t' << safe_title << '\n';
-}
-
-std::string generate_history_html()
-{
-  std::ifstream file( get_config_path( "history.txt" ) );
-  std::string html = "<html><head><title>History</title></head><body><h1>Browsing History</h1><ul>";
-  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
-    html += "<li>No history found. Start browsing!</li>";
-  } else {
-    std::vector<std::string> lines;
-    std::string line;
-    while ( std::getline( file, line ) ) {
-      lines.push_back( std::move( line ) );
-    }
-
-    std::size_t count = 0;
-    for ( auto it = lines.rbegin(); it != lines.rend() && count < 100; ++it, ++count ) {
-      const std::size_t tab_pos = it->find( '\t' );
-      if ( tab_pos != std::string::npos ) {
-        const std::string url = it->substr( 0, tab_pos );
-        const std::string title = it->substr( tab_pos + 1 );
-        html += "<li><a href=\"";
-        html += url;
-        html += "\">[Link] ";
-        html += title;
-        html += "</a></li>";
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  html += "</ul></body></html>";
-  return html;
-}
-
-std::string generate_help_html()
-{
-  return R"(<html>
-  <head><title>Ricochet Help Manual</title></head>
-  <body>
-    <h1>Ricochet User Manual</h1>
-    <h2>1. Navigation & Browsing</h2>
-    <ul>
-      <li><b>j / k</b> : Scroll down / up</li>
-      <li><b>H / L</b> : History backward / forward</li>
-      <li><b>/</b> : Open prompt to enter a new URL</li>
-    </ul>
-    <h2>2. Page Interaction</h2>
-    <ul>
-      <li><b>f</b> : Toggle Link Hints (type the two letters to follow a link instantly)</li>
-      <li><b>n</b> : Find in page (search for text)</li>
-      <li><b>N</b> : Jump to the next search match</li>
-      <li><b>i</b> : Enter form input mode (fill textboxes, click buttons, toggle checkboxes)</li>
-    </ul>
-    <h2>3. Bookmarks & History</h2>
-    <ul>
-      <li><b>b</b> : Bookmark the current page</li>
-      <li><b>B</b> : View all saved bookmarks</li>
-      <li><b>h</b> : View browsing history</li>
-    </ul>
-    <h2>4. System</h2>
-    <ul>
-      <li><b>?</b> : Show this help manual</li>
-      <li><b>q</b> : Quit Ricochet</li>
-    </ul>
-  </body>
-  </html>)";
-}
-
-PageData process_binary_download( const HttpRequest& req, const net::HttpResponse& resp )
-{
-  std::string fname = "download.dat";
-  const std::size_t slash = req.url.rfind( '/' );
-  if ( slash != std::string::npos && slash + 1 < req.url.length() ) {
-    fname = req.url.substr( slash + 1 );
-    const std::size_t q_pos = fname.find( '?' );
-    if ( q_pos != std::string::npos ) {
-      fname = fname.substr( 0, q_pos );
-    }
-  }
-  if ( fname.empty() ) {
-    fname = "download.dat";
-  }
-
-  std::ofstream out( fname, std::ios::binary );
-  out.write( resp.body.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>( resp.body.size() ) );
-  out.close();
-
-  return { .lines = { "\033[1;32m[ Download Complete ]\033[0m",
-                      "",
-                      "Saved File : " + fname,
-                      "File Type  : " + resp.content_type,
-                      "File Size  : " + std::to_string( resp.body.size() ) + " bytes",
-                      "",
-                      "Press 'H' to return to the previous page." },
-           .links = {},
-           .inputs = {},
-           .title = "Download Manager" };
-}
-
-std::vector<std::string> split_into_lines( const std::string& text )
-{
-  std::vector<std::string> lines;
-  std::size_t start = 0;
-  while ( start < text.length() ) {
-    const std::size_t end = text.find( '\n', start );
-    if ( end == std::string::npos ) {
-      lines.push_back( text.substr( start ) );
-      break;
-    }
-    lines.push_back( text.substr( start, end - start ) );
-    start = end + 1;
-  }
-  return lines;
-}
-
-PageData load_page( const HttpRequest& req )
-{
-  std::string html_body;
-  if ( req.url == "ricochet://bookmarks" ) {
-    html_body = generate_bookmarks_html();
-  } else if ( req.url == "ricochet://history" ) {
-    html_body = generate_history_html();
-  } else if ( req.url == "ricochet://help" ) {
-    html_body = generate_help_html();
-  } else {
-    const net::HttpClient client;
-    auto response_result = client.fetch( req.url, req.method, req.body );
-    if ( !response_result.has_value() ) {
-      return { .lines
-               = { "\033[1;31m[!] Failed to load:\033[0m " + req.url, "", "Reason: " + response_result.error() },
-               .links = {},
-               .inputs = {},
-               .title = "Error" };
-    }
-
-    const auto& resp = response_result.value();
-    std::string c_type = resp.content_type;
-    for ( char& c : c_type ) {
-      if ( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) {
-        c = static_cast<char>( c + 32 );
-      }
-    }
-
-    const bool is_text
-      = c_type.starts_with( "text/" ) || c_type.contains( "xml" ) || c_type.contains( "json" ) || c_type.empty();
-
-    if ( !is_text ) {
-      return process_binary_download( req, resp );
-    }
-    html_body = response_result.value().body;
-  }
-
-  const parser::HtmlLexer lexer;
-  const parser::TreeBuilder builder;
-  const render::Renderer renderer;
-
-  const auto dom_root = builder.build( lexer.tokenize( html_body ) );
-  const render::RenderResult result = renderer.render( dom_root );
-  const std::string title = extract_title( dom_root );
-
-  return {
-    .lines = split_into_lines( result.text ), .links = result.links, .inputs = result.inputs, .title = title };
-}
-
-std::string build_footer( std::string_view url, std::size_t width )
-{
-  const std::string_view keys
-    = " | [j/k]Scroll [n/N]Find [/]Nav [f]Hint [i]In [r]Ref [H/L]Back [h]Hist [b/B]Mark [?]Help [q]Quit ";
-  const std::string_view prefix = " URL: ";
-
-  std::string footer;
-  if ( width <= keys.length() + prefix.length() + 3 ) {
-    footer.reserve( prefix.length() + url.length() + keys.length() );
-    footer += prefix;
-    footer += url;
-    footer += keys;
-    if ( footer.length() > width && width > 3 ) {
-      footer.erase( width - 3 );
-      footer += "...";
-    }
-  } else {
-    const std::size_t max_url_len = width - keys.length() - prefix.length();
-    footer.reserve( width );
-    footer += prefix;
-    if ( url.length() > max_url_len ) {
-      footer += url.substr( 0, max_url_len - 3 );
-      footer += "...";
-    } else {
-      footer += url;
-    }
-    footer += keys;
-  }
-
-  if ( footer.length() < width ) {
-    footer.append( width - footer.length(), ' ' );
-  }
-  return footer;
-}
-
-void draw_view( const tui::Terminal& terminal,
-                const std::vector<std::string>& lines,
-                std::size_t scroll_y,
-                std::string_view url,    // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
-                std::string_view title ) // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
-{
-  terminal.clear_screen();
-  auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
-  const std::size_t usable_height = ( height > 2 ) ? ( height - 2 ) : 1;
-
-  std::string clean_title( title );
-  if ( clean_title.empty() ) {
-    const std::size_t start = url.find( "://" );
-    const std::size_t host_start = ( start == std::string::npos ) ? 0 : start + 3;
-    const std::size_t host_end = url.find( '/', host_start );
-    clean_title = std::string( url.substr( host_start, host_end - host_start ) );
-  }
-  for ( char& c : clean_title ) {
-    if ( c == '\n' || c == '\r' ) {
-      c = ' ';
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::string header = " PAGE: " + clean_title;
-  if ( header.size() < width ) {
-    header.append( width - header.size(), ' ' );
-  } else if ( header.size() > width && width > 3 ) {
-    header = header.substr( 0, width - 3 ) + "...";
-  }
-  std::cout << "\033[7m" << header << "\033[0m\r\n";
-
-  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < usable_height; ++i ) {
-    if ( scroll_y + i < lines.size() ) {
-      std::cout << lines[scroll_y + i] << "\r\n";
-    } else {
-      std::cout << "~\r\n";
-    }
-  }
-
-  const std::string footer = build_footer( url, width );
-  std::cout << "\033[7m" << footer << "\033[0m";
-  std::cout.flush();
-}
-
-std::string get_url_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal )
-{
-  auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
-  terminal.move_cursor( height, 1 );
-  std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[7m URL: \033[0m ";
-  std::cout.flush();
-
-  std::string input;
-  terminal.show_cursor( true );
-  while ( true ) {
-    const char ch = terminal.read_key();
-    if ( ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' ) {
-      break;
-    }
-    if ( ch == 27 ) {
-      input.clear();
-      break;
-    }
-    if ( ch == 127 || ch == 8 ) {
-      if ( !input.empty() ) {
-        input.pop_back();
-        std::cout << "\b \b";
-        std::cout.flush();
-      }
-    } else if ( std::isprint( static_cast<unsigned char>( ch ) ) ) {
-      input += ch;
-      std::cout << ch;
-      std::cout.flush();
-    }
-  }
-  terminal.show_cursor( false );
-
-  return Browser::format_url( std::move( input ) );
-}
-
-// std::string get_link_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal )
-// {
-//   auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
-//   terminal.move_cursor( height, 1 );
-//   std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[7m Follow Link [#]: \033[0m ";
-//   std::cout.flush();
-
-//   std::string num_input;
-//   terminal.show_cursor( true );
-//   while ( true ) {
-//     const char ch = terminal.read_key();
-//     if ( ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' ) {
-//       break;
-//     }
-//     if ( ch == 27 ) {
-//       num_input.clear();
-//       break;
-//     }
-//     if ( ch == 127 || ch == 8 ) {
-//       if ( !num_input.empty() ) {
-//         num_input.pop_back();
-//         std::cout << "\b \b";
-//         std::cout.flush();
-//       }
-//     } else if ( std::isdigit( static_cast<unsigned char>( ch ) ) ) {
-//       num_input += ch;
-//       std::cout << ch;
-//       std::cout.flush();
-//     }
-//   }
-//   terminal.show_cursor( false );
-//   return num_input;
-// }
-
-std::string normalize_url( const std::string& target, const std::string& current_url )
-{
-  if ( target.starts_with( "/" ) ) {
-    if ( target.starts_with( "//" ) ) {
-      return "https:" + target;
-    }
-    const std::size_t slash_pos = current_url.find( '/', 8 );
-    const std::string domain
-      = ( slash_pos == std::string::npos ) ? current_url : current_url.substr( 0, slash_pos );
-    return domain + target;
-  }
-  if ( !target.starts_with( "http" ) ) {
-    const std::size_t last_slash = current_url.rfind( '/' );
-    if ( last_slash > 7 ) {
-      return current_url.substr( 0, last_slash + 1 ) + target;
-    }
-    return current_url + "/" + target;
-  }
-  return target;
-}
-
-std::string strip_ddg_tracker( std::string target )
-{
-  const std::size_t uddg_pos = target.find( "uddg=" );
-  if ( uddg_pos != std::string::npos ) {
-    const std::size_t end_pos = target.find( '&', uddg_pos );
-    const std::string encoded = target.substr( uddg_pos + 5, end_pos - ( uddg_pos + 5 ) );
-    std::string decoded;
-    for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < encoded.length(); ++i ) {
-      if ( encoded[i] == '%' && i + 2 < encoded.length() ) {
-        const std::string hex = encoded.substr( i + 1, 2 );
-        try {
-          decoded += static_cast<char>( std::stoi( hex, nullptr, 16 ) );
-        } catch ( const std::exception& ) {
-          (void)0;
-        }
-        i += 2;
-      } else {
-        decoded += encoded[i];
-      }
-    }
-    return decoded;
-  }
-  return target;
-}
-
-std::string index_to_hint( std::size_t index )
-{
-  const std::string alphabet = "asdfghjklqwertyuiopzxcvbnm";
-  std::string hint;
-  hint += alphabet[( index / alphabet.length() ) % alphabet.length()];
-  hint += alphabet[index % alphabet.length()];
-  return hint;
-}
-
-void toggle_link_hints( PageData& page_data, bool show )
-{
-  const std::string hl_start = "\033[0;1;35;7m ";
-  const std::string hl_end = " \033[0m";
-
-  std::vector<std::string> formatted_hints;
-  if ( show ) {
-    formatted_hints.reserve( page_data.links.size() );
-    for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.links.size(); ++i ) {
-      std::string h = hl_start;
-      h += index_to_hint( i );
-      h += hl_end;
-      formatted_hints.push_back( std::move( h ) );
-    }
-  }
-
-  for ( auto& line : page_data.lines ) {
-    for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.links.size(); ++i ) {
-      const std::string marker = "{L:" + std::to_string( i + 1 ) + "}";
-      const std::size_t pos = line.find( marker );
-      if ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
-        if ( show ) {
-          line.replace( pos, marker.length(), formatted_hints[i] );
-        } else {
-          const std::size_t end_pos = line.find( hl_end, pos );
-          if ( end_pos != std::string::npos ) {
-            line.replace( pos, end_pos + hl_end.length() - pos, marker );
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void handle_follow_link( const tui::Terminal& terminal,
-                         PageData& page_data,
-                         std::string& current_url,
-                         std::size_t& scroll_y, // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
-                         bool& navigate )
-{
-  toggle_link_hints( page_data, true );
-
-  draw_view( terminal, page_data.lines, scroll_y, current_url, page_data.title );
-
-  auto [w, h] = terminal.get_size();
-  terminal.move_cursor( h, 1 );
-  std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[1;35;7m Follow Hint (2 keys): \033[0m ";
-  std::cout.flush();
-
-  std::string input;
-  input += terminal.read_key();
-  std::cout << input[0];
-  std::cout.flush();
-  input += terminal.read_key();
-
-  bool found = false;
-  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.links.size(); ++i ) {
-    if ( index_to_hint( i ) == input ) {
-      std::string target = page_data.links[i];
-      target = normalize_url( target, current_url );
-      target = strip_ddg_tracker( target );
-      current_url = target;
-      navigate = true;
-      found = true;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if ( !found ) {
-    toggle_link_hints( page_data, false );
-  }
-}
-
-enum class InputAction : std::uint8_t
-{
-  None,
-  Quit,
-  Navigate
-};
-
-std::string get_terminal_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal, const std::string& prompt )
-{
-  auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
-  terminal.move_cursor( height, 1 );
-  std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[7m " << prompt << " \033[0m ";
-  std::cout.flush();
-
-  std::string input;
-  terminal.show_cursor( true );
-  while ( true ) {
-    const char ch = terminal.read_key();
-    if ( ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' ) {
-      break;
-    }
-    if ( ch == 27 ) {
-      input.clear();
-      break;
-    }
-    if ( ch == 127 || ch == 8 ) {
-      if ( !input.empty() ) {
-        input.pop_back();
-        std::cout << "\b \b";
-        std::cout.flush();
-      }
-    } else if ( std::isprint( static_cast<unsigned char>( ch ) ) ) {
-      input += ch;
-      std::cout << ch;
-      std::cout.flush();
-    }
-  }
-  terminal.show_cursor( false );
-  return input;
-}
-
-InputAction submit_form( const render::InputField& target_input,
-                         const std::vector<render::InputField>& inputs,
-                         const std::string& current_url,
-                         std::vector<HttpRequest>& history,
-                         std::size_t& history_idx )
-{
-  std::string body;
-  for ( const auto& in : inputs ) {
-    if ( in.action == target_input.action && !in.name.empty() && in.type != "submit" && in.type != "button" ) {
-      if ( ( in.type == "checkbox" || in.type == "radio" ) && !in.checked ) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      std::string encoded = in.value;
-      for ( char& ch : encoded ) {
-        if ( ch == ' ' ) {
-          ch = '+';
-        }
-      }
-      if ( !body.empty() ) {
-        body += "&";
-      }
-      body += in.name + "=" + encoded;
-    }
-  }
-  const std::string action
-    = target_input.action.empty() ? current_url : normalize_url( target_input.action, current_url );
-  HttpRequest next_req { .url = action, .method = "GET", .body = "" };
-  if ( target_input.method == "post" || target_input.method == "POST" ) {
-    next_req.method = "POST";
-    next_req.body = body;
-  } else {
-    const char sep = action.contains( '?' ) ? '&' : '?';
-    next_req.url += sep + body;
-  }
-  history.resize( history_idx + 1 );
-  history.push_back( next_req );
-  history_idx++;
-  return InputAction::Navigate;
-}
-
-void find_search_matches( PageData& page_data, const std::string& query )
-{
-  page_data.last_search = query;
-  page_data.match_lines.clear();
-  page_data.current_match_idx = 0;
-  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.original_lines.size(); ++i ) {
-    if ( page_data.original_lines[i].find( query ) != std::string::npos ) {
-      page_data.match_lines.push_back( i );
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void apply_search_highlight( PageData& page_data, const std::string& query )
-{
-  page_data.lines = page_data.original_lines;
-  if ( page_data.match_lines.empty() ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const std::string hl_start = "\033[43;30m";
-  const std::string hl_end = "\033[0m";
-
-  for ( const auto match_idx : page_data.match_lines ) {
-    auto& line = page_data.lines[match_idx];
-    std::size_t pos = 0;
-    std::string replacement;
-    replacement.reserve( hl_start.length() + query.length() + hl_end.length() );
-    replacement += hl_start;
-    replacement += query;
-    replacement += hl_end;
-    while ( ( pos = line.find( query, pos ) ) != std::string::npos ) {
-      line.replace( pos, query.length(), replacement );
-      pos += hl_start.length() + query.length() + hl_end.length();
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void execute_search( PageData& page_data, const std::string& query, std::size_t& scroll_y, bool next_match )
-{
-  if ( query.empty() ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if ( !next_match || query != page_data.last_search ) {
-    find_search_matches( page_data, query );
-    apply_search_highlight( page_data, query );
-  } else if ( !page_data.match_lines.empty() ) {
-    page_data.current_match_idx = ( page_data.current_match_idx + 1 ) % page_data.match_lines.size();
-  }
-
-  if ( page_data.match_lines.empty() ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const std::size_t target_line = page_data.match_lines[page_data.current_match_idx];
-  scroll_y = ( target_line > 5 ) ? ( target_line - 5 ) : 0;
-}
-
-void update_input_value( PageData& page_data, std::size_t index, const std::string& query )
-{
-  page_data.inputs[index - 1].value = query;
-  const std::string marker = "[I" + std::to_string( index ) + ":";
-  const std::string replacement = "[I" + std::to_string( index ) + ":" + query + "]";
-
-  auto update_lines = [&]( std::vector<std::string>& lines_arr ) {
-    for ( auto& line : lines_arr ) {
-      const std::size_t pos = line.find( marker );
-      if ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
-        const std::size_t end = line.find( ']', pos );
-        if ( end != std::string::npos ) {
-          line.replace( pos, end - pos + 1, replacement );
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  };
-  update_lines( page_data.lines );
-  update_lines( page_data.original_lines );
-}
-
-void update_single_line_ui( std::string& line, const std::string& marker, const render::InputField& in )
-{
-  const std::size_t pos = line.find( marker );
-  if ( pos == std::string::npos ) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const std::size_t end = line.find( ']', pos );
-  if ( end == std::string::npos ) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::string prefix;
-  if ( in.type == "checkbox" ) {
-    prefix = in.checked ? "[X] " : "[ ] ";
-  } else {
-    prefix = in.checked ? "(X) " : "( ) ";
-  }
-  line.replace( pos, end - pos + 1, marker + prefix + in.value + "]" );
-}
-
-void update_toggle_ui( PageData& page_data )
-{
-  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.inputs.size(); ++i ) {
-    const auto& in = page_data.inputs[i];
-    if ( in.type != "checkbox" && in.type != "radio" ) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const std::string marker = "[I" + std::to_string( i + 1 ) + ":";
-    for ( auto& line : page_data.lines ) {
-      update_single_line_ui( line, marker, in );
-    }
-    for ( auto& line : page_data.original_lines ) {
-      update_single_line_ui( line, marker, in );
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-InputAction handle_form_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal,
-                               PageData& page_data,
-                               const std::string& current_url,
-                               std::vector<HttpRequest>& history,
-                               std::size_t& history_idx )
-{
-  const std::string num_input = get_terminal_input( terminal, "Select Input [#]:" );
-  if ( num_input.empty() ) {
-    return InputAction::None;
-  }
-  std::size_t index = 0;
-  try {
-    index = std::stoul( num_input );
-  } catch ( ... ) {
-    return InputAction::None;
-  }
-  if ( index == 0 || index > page_data.inputs.size() ) {
-    return InputAction::None;
-  }
-
-  auto& target_input = page_data.inputs[index - 1];
-  if ( target_input.type == "submit" || target_input.type == "button" ) {
-    return submit_form( target_input, page_data.inputs, current_url, history, history_idx );
-  }
-
-  if ( target_input.type == "checkbox" || target_input.type == "radio" ) {
-    if ( target_input.type == "radio" ) {
-      for ( auto& in : page_data.inputs ) {
-        if ( in.name == target_input.name && in.action == target_input.action ) {
-          in.checked = false;
-        }
-      }
-      target_input.checked = true;
-    } else {
-      target_input.checked = !target_input.checked;
-    }
-    update_toggle_ui( page_data );
-    return InputAction::None;
-  }
-
-  const std::string query = get_terminal_input( terminal, "Enter Text [I" + std::to_string( index ) + "]:" );
-  if ( query.empty() ) {
-    return InputAction::None;
-  }
-  update_input_value( page_data, index, query );
-  return InputAction::None;
-}
-
 InputAction push_history( const std::string& url, std::vector<HttpRequest>& history, std::size_t& history_idx )
 {
   history.resize( history_idx + 1 );
@@ -944,39 +127,6 @@ InputAction process_key( char c,
   return InputAction::None;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> wrap_lines( const std::vector<std::string>& original_lines, std::size_t wrap_width )
-{
-  std::vector<std::string> wrapped_lines;
-  for ( const auto& line : original_lines ) {
-    std::string current_line;
-    std::size_t vis_count = 0;
-    bool in_ansi = false;
-    for ( const char c : line ) {
-      if ( c == '\x1b' ) {
-        in_ansi = true;
-      }
-      if ( in_ansi ) {
-        current_line += c;
-        if ( c == 'm' ) {
-          in_ansi = false;
-        }
-      } else {
-        if ( vis_count >= wrap_width ) {
-          wrapped_lines.push_back( current_line + "\033[0m" );
-          current_line.clear();
-          vis_count = 0;
-        }
-        current_line += c;
-        vis_count++;
-      }
-    }
-    if ( !current_line.empty() || line.empty() ) {
-      wrapped_lines.push_back( current_line + "\033[0m" );
-    }
-  }
-  return wrapped_lines;
-}
-
 } // namespace
 
 std::string Browser::format_url( std::string input )
diff --git a/src/core/form_handler.cc b/src/core/form_handler.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d018c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/form_handler.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/form_handler.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/ui_input.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/utils.hh"
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+InputAction submit_form( const render::InputField& target_input,
+                         const std::vector<render::InputField>& inputs,
+                         const std::string& current_url,
+                         std::vector<HttpRequest>& history,
+                         std::size_t& history_idx )
+{
+  std::string body;
+  for ( const auto& in : inputs ) {
+    if ( in.action == target_input.action && !in.name.empty() && in.type != "submit" && in.type != "button" ) {
+      if ( ( in.type == "checkbox" || in.type == "radio" ) && !in.checked ) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      std::string encoded = in.value;
+      for ( char& ch : encoded ) {
+        if ( ch == ' ' ) {
+          ch = '+';
+        }
+      }
+      if ( !body.empty() ) {
+        body += "&";
+      }
+      body += in.name + "=" + encoded;
+    }
+  }
+  const std::string action
+    = target_input.action.empty() ? current_url : normalize_url( target_input.action, current_url );
+  HttpRequest next_req { .url = action, .method = "GET", .body = "" };
+  if ( target_input.method == "post" || target_input.method == "POST" ) {
+    next_req.method = "POST";
+    next_req.body = body;
+  } else {
+    const char sep = action.contains( '?' ) ? '&' : '?';
+    next_req.url += sep + body;
+  }
+  history.resize( history_idx + 1 );
+  history.push_back( next_req );
+  history_idx++;
+  return InputAction::Navigate;
+}
+
+void update_input_value( PageData& page_data, std::size_t index, const std::string& query )
+{
+  page_data.inputs[index - 1].value = query;
+  const std::string marker = "[I" + std::to_string( index ) + ":";
+  const std::string replacement = "[I" + std::to_string( index ) + ":" + query + "]";
+
+  auto update_lines = [&]( std::vector<std::string>& lines_arr ) {
+    for ( auto& line : lines_arr ) {
+      const std::size_t pos = line.find( marker );
+      if ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+        const std::size_t end = line.find( ']', pos );
+        if ( end != std::string::npos ) {
+          line.replace( pos, end - pos + 1, replacement );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  update_lines( page_data.lines );
+  update_lines( page_data.original_lines );
+}
+
+void update_single_line_ui( std::string& line, const std::string& marker, const render::InputField& in )
+{
+  const std::string checked_str = marker + ( in.type == "checkbox" ? "[X] " : "(X) " ) + in.value + "]";
+  const std::string unchecked_str = marker + ( in.type == "checkbox" ? "[ ] " : "( ) " ) + in.value + "]";
+
+  const std::string& target_str = in.checked ? checked_str : unchecked_str;
+  const std::string& old_str = in.checked ? unchecked_str : checked_str;
+
+  const std::size_t pos = line.find( old_str );
+  if ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+    line.replace( pos, old_str.length(), target_str );
+  }
+}
+
+void update_toggle_ui( PageData& page_data )
+{
+  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.inputs.size(); ++i ) {
+    const auto& in = page_data.inputs[i];
+    if ( in.type != "checkbox" && in.type != "radio" ) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const std::string marker = "[I" + std::to_string( i + 1 ) + ":";
+    for ( auto& line : page_data.lines ) {
+      update_single_line_ui( line, marker, in );
+    }
+    for ( auto& line : page_data.original_lines ) {
+      update_single_line_ui( line, marker, in );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+InputAction handle_form_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal,
+                               PageData& page_data,
+                               const std::string& current_url,
+                               std::vector<HttpRequest>& history,
+                               std::size_t& history_idx )
+{
+  const std::string num_input = get_terminal_input( terminal, "Select Input [#]:" );
+  if ( num_input.empty() ) {
+    return InputAction::None;
+  }
+  std::size_t index = 0;
+  try {
+    index = std::stoul( num_input );
+  } catch ( ... ) {
+    return InputAction::None;
+  }
+  if ( index == 0 || index > page_data.inputs.size() ) {
+    return InputAction::None;
+  }
+
+  auto& target_input = page_data.inputs[index - 1];
+  if ( target_input.type == "submit" || target_input.type == "button" ) {
+    return submit_form( target_input, page_data.inputs, current_url, history, history_idx );
+  }
+
+  if ( target_input.type == "checkbox" || target_input.type == "radio" ) {
+    if ( target_input.type == "radio" ) {
+      for ( auto& in : page_data.inputs ) {
+        if ( in.name == target_input.name && in.action == target_input.action ) {
+          in.checked = false;
+        }
+      }
+      target_input.checked = true;
+    } else {
+      target_input.checked = !target_input.checked;
+    }
+    update_toggle_ui( page_data );
+    return InputAction::None;
+  }
+
+  const std::string query = get_terminal_input( terminal, "Enter Text [I" + std::to_string( index ) + "]:" );
+  if ( query.empty() ) {
+    return InputAction::None;
+  }
+  update_input_value( page_data, index, query );
+  return InputAction::None;
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/link_hints.cc b/src/core/link_hints.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77b91b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/link_hints.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/link_hints.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/ui_view.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/utils.hh"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+std::string index_to_hint( std::size_t index )
+{
+  const std::string alphabet = "asdfghjklqwertyuiopzxcvbnm";
+  std::string hint;
+  hint += alphabet[( index / alphabet.length() ) % alphabet.length()];
+  hint += alphabet[index % alphabet.length()];
+  return hint;
+}
+
+void toggle_link_hints( PageData& page_data, bool show )
+{
+  const std::string hl_start = "\033[0;1;35;7m ";
+  const std::string hl_end = " \033[0m";
+
+  std::vector<std::string> formatted_hints;
+  formatted_hints.reserve( page_data.links.size() );
+  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.links.size(); ++i ) {
+    std::string h = hl_start;
+    h += index_to_hint( i );
+    h += hl_end;
+    formatted_hints.push_back( std::move( h ) );
+  }
+
+  for ( auto& line : page_data.lines ) {
+    for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.links.size(); ++i ) {
+      const std::string marker = "{L:" + std::to_string( i + 1 ) + "}";
+      if ( show ) {
+        const std::size_t pos = line.find( marker );
+        if ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+          line.replace( pos, marker.length(), formatted_hints[i] );
+        }
+      } else {
+        const std::size_t pos = line.find( formatted_hints[i] );
+        if ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+          line.replace( pos, formatted_hints[i].length(), marker );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void handle_follow_link( const tui::Terminal& terminal,
+                         PageData& page_data,
+                         std::string& current_url,
+                         std::size_t& scroll_y, // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
+                         bool& navigate )
+{
+  toggle_link_hints( page_data, true );
+
+  draw_view( terminal, page_data.lines, scroll_y, current_url, page_data.title );
+
+  auto [w, h] = terminal.get_size();
+  terminal.move_cursor( h, 1 );
+  std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[1;35;7m Follow Hint (2 keys): \033[0m ";
+  std::cout.flush();
+
+  std::string input;
+  input += terminal.read_key();
+  std::cout << input[0];
+  std::cout.flush();
+  input += terminal.read_key();
+
+  // bool found = false;
+  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.links.size(); ++i ) {
+    if ( index_to_hint( i ) == input ) {
+      std::string target = page_data.links[i];
+      target = normalize_url( target, current_url );
+      target = strip_ddg_tracker( target );
+      current_url = target;
+      navigate = true;
+      // found = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  toggle_link_hints( page_data, false );
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/local_data.cc b/src/core/local_data.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9115844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/local_data.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/local_data.hh"
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+std::string get_config_path( const std::string& filename )
+{
+  const char* home = std::getenv( "HOME" ); // NOLINT(concurrency-mt-unsafe)
+  const std::string dir = ( home != nullptr ) ? std::string( home ) + "/.ricochet" : ".ricochet";
+  static_cast<void>( mkdir( dir.c_str(), 0755 ) );
+  return dir + "/" + filename;
+}
+
+void save_bookmark( const std::string& title, // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
+                    const std::string& url )
+{
+  if ( url == "ricochet://bookmarks" ) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::ofstream file( get_config_path( "bookmarks.txt" ), std::ios::app );
+  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::string safe_title = title;
+  if ( safe_title.empty() ) {
+    safe_title = url;
+  }
+  for ( char& c : safe_title ) {
+    if ( c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' ) {
+      c = ' ';
+    }
+  }
+  file << url << '\t' << safe_title << '\n';
+}
+
+std::string generate_bookmarks_html()
+{
+  std::ifstream file( get_config_path( "bookmarks.txt" ) );
+  std::string html = "<html><head><title>My Bookmarks</title></head><body><h1>Saved Bookmarks</h1><ul>";
+  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
+    html += "<li>No bookmarks found. Press 'b' on any page to add one!</li>";
+  } else {
+    std::string line;
+    while ( std::getline( file, line ) ) {
+      const std::size_t tab_pos = line.find( '\t' );
+      if ( tab_pos != std::string::npos ) {
+        const std::string url = line.substr( 0, tab_pos );
+        const std::string title = line.substr( tab_pos + 1 );
+        html += "<li><a href=\"";
+        html += url;
+        html += "\">[Link] ";
+        html += title;
+        html += "</a></li>";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  html += "</ul></body></html>";
+  return html;
+}
+
+void append_to_history( const std::string& url, // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
+                        const std::string& title )
+{
+  if ( url.starts_with( "ricochet://" ) ) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::ofstream file( get_config_path( "history.txt" ), std::ios::app );
+  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::string safe_title = title;
+  if ( safe_title.empty() ) {
+    safe_title = url;
+  }
+  for ( char& c : safe_title ) {
+    if ( c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' ) {
+      c = ' ';
+    }
+  }
+  file << url << '\t' << safe_title << '\n';
+}
+
+std::string generate_history_html()
+{
+  std::ifstream file( get_config_path( "history.txt" ) );
+  std::string html = "<html><head><title>History</title></head><body><h1>Browsing History</h1><ul>";
+  if ( !file.is_open() ) {
+    html += "<li>No history found. Start browsing!</li>";
+  } else {
+    std::vector<std::string> lines;
+    std::string line;
+    while ( std::getline( file, line ) ) {
+      lines.push_back( std::move( line ) );
+    }
+
+    std::size_t count = 0;
+    for ( auto it = lines.rbegin(); it != lines.rend() && count < 100; ++it, ++count ) {
+      const std::size_t tab_pos = it->find( '\t' );
+      if ( tab_pos != std::string::npos ) {
+        const std::string url = it->substr( 0, tab_pos );
+        const std::string title = it->substr( tab_pos + 1 );
+        html += "<li><a href=\"";
+        html += url;
+        html += "\">[Link] ";
+        html += title;
+        html += "</a></li>";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  html += "</ul></body></html>";
+  return html;
+}
+
+std::string generate_help_html()
+{
+  return R"(<html>
+  <head><title>Ricochet Help Manual</title></head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Ricochet User Manual</h1>
+    <h2>1. Navigation & Browsing</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <li><b>j / k</b> : Scroll down / up</li>
+      <li><b>H / L</b> : History backward / forward</li>
+      <li><b>/</b> : Open prompt to enter a new URL</li>
+    </ul>
+    <h2>2. Page Interaction</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <li><b>f</b> : Toggle Link Hints (type the two letters to follow a link instantly)</li>
+      <li><b>n</b> : Find in page (search for text)</li>
+      <li><b>N</b> : Jump to the next search match</li>
+      <li><b>i</b> : Enter form input mode (fill textboxes, click buttons, toggle checkboxes)</li>
+    </ul>
+    <h2>3. Bookmarks & History</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <li><b>b</b> : Bookmark the current page</li>
+      <li><b>B</b> : View all saved bookmarks</li>
+      <li><b>h</b> : View browsing history</li>
+    </ul>
+    <h2>4. System</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <li><b>?</b> : Show this help manual</li>
+      <li><b>q</b> : Quit Ricochet</li>
+    </ul>
+  </body>
+  </html>)";
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/page_loader.cc b/src/core/page_loader.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9a5da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/page_loader.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/page_loader.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/local_data.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/page_processor.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/utils.hh"
+#include "ricochet/parser/html_lexer.hh"
+#include "ricochet/parser/tree_builder.hh"
+#include "ricochet/render/renderer.hh"
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+PageData load_page( const HttpRequest& req )
+{
+  std::string html_body;
+  if ( req.url == "ricochet://bookmarks" ) {
+    html_body = generate_bookmarks_html();
+  } else if ( req.url == "ricochet://history" ) {
+    html_body = generate_history_html();
+  } else if ( req.url == "ricochet://help" ) {
+    html_body = generate_help_html();
+  } else {
+    const net::HttpClient client;
+    auto response_result = client.fetch( req.url, req.method, req.body );
+    if ( !response_result.has_value() ) {
+      return { .lines
+               = { "\033[1;31m[!] Failed to load:\033[0m " + req.url, "", "Reason: " + response_result.error() },
+               .links = {},
+               .inputs = {},
+               .title = "Error" };
+    }
+
+    const auto& resp = response_result.value();
+    std::string c_type = resp.content_type;
+    for ( char& c : c_type ) {
+      if ( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) {
+        c = static_cast<char>( c + 32 );
+      }
+    }
+
+    const bool is_text
+      = c_type.starts_with( "text/" ) || c_type.contains( "xml" ) || c_type.contains( "json" ) || c_type.empty();
+
+    if ( !is_text ) {
+      return process_binary_download( req, resp );
+    }
+    html_body = response_result.value().body;
+  }
+
+  const parser::HtmlLexer lexer;
+  const parser::TreeBuilder builder;
+  const render::Renderer renderer;
+
+  const auto dom_root = builder.build( lexer.tokenize( html_body ) );
+  const render::RenderResult result = renderer.render( dom_root );
+  const std::string title = extract_title( dom_root );
+
+  return {
+    .lines = split_into_lines( result.text ), .links = result.links, .inputs = result.inputs, .title = title };
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/page_processor.cc b/src/core/page_processor.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00728a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/page_processor.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/page_processor.hh"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+std::string extract_title( const parser::DomNode& root_node )
+{
+  std::vector<const parser::DomNode*> stack;
+  stack.push_back( &root_node );
+
+  while ( !stack.empty() ) {
+    const parser::DomNode* current = stack.back();
+    stack.pop_back();
+
+    std::string base_tag = current->tag_name;
+    const std::size_t space_pos = base_tag.find( ' ' );
+    if ( space_pos != std::string::npos ) {
+      base_tag = base_tag.substr( 0, space_pos );
+    }
+
+    for ( char& c : base_tag ) {
+      if ( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) {
+        c = static_cast<char>( c + 32 );
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ( base_tag == "title" ) {
+      std::string full_title;
+      for ( const auto& child : current->children ) {
+        if ( child.tag_name.empty() ) {
+          full_title += child.text_content;
+        }
+      }
+      if ( !full_title.empty() ) {
+        return full_title;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for ( const auto& child : std::ranges::reverse_view( current->children ) ) {
+      stack.push_back( &child );
+    }
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+PageData process_binary_download( const HttpRequest& req, const net::HttpResponse& resp )
+{
+  std::string fname = "download.dat";
+  const std::size_t slash = req.url.rfind( '/' );
+  if ( slash != std::string::npos && slash + 1 < req.url.length() ) {
+    fname = req.url.substr( slash + 1 );
+    const std::size_t q_pos = fname.find( '?' );
+    if ( q_pos != std::string::npos ) {
+      fname = fname.substr( 0, q_pos );
+    }
+  }
+  if ( fname.empty() ) {
+    fname = "download.dat";
+  }
+
+  std::ofstream out( fname, std::ios::binary );
+  out.write( resp.body.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>( resp.body.size() ) );
+  out.close();
+
+  return { .lines = { "\033[1;32m[ Download Complete ]\033[0m",
+                      "",
+                      "Saved File : " + fname,
+                      "File Type  : " + resp.content_type,
+                      "File Size  : " + std::to_string( resp.body.size() ) + " bytes",
+                      "",
+                      "Press 'H' to return to the previous page." },
+           .links = {},
+           .inputs = {},
+           .title = "Download Manager" };
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/search_handler.cc b/src/core/search_handler.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cab9e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/search_handler.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/search_handler.hh"
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+void find_search_matches( PageData& page_data, const std::string& query )
+{
+  page_data.last_search = query;
+  page_data.match_lines.clear();
+  page_data.current_match_idx = 0;
+  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < page_data.original_lines.size(); ++i ) {
+    if ( page_data.original_lines[i].find( query ) != std::string::npos ) {
+      page_data.match_lines.push_back( i );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void apply_search_highlight( PageData& page_data, const std::string& query )
+{
+  page_data.lines = page_data.original_lines;
+  if ( page_data.match_lines.empty() ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const std::string hl_start = "\033[43;30m";
+  const std::string hl_end = "\033[0m";
+
+  for ( const auto match_idx : page_data.match_lines ) {
+    auto& line = page_data.lines[match_idx];
+    std::size_t pos = 0;
+    std::string replacement;
+    replacement.reserve( hl_start.length() + query.length() + hl_end.length() );
+    replacement += hl_start;
+    replacement += query;
+    replacement += hl_end;
+    while ( ( pos = line.find( query, pos ) ) != std::string::npos ) {
+      line.replace( pos, query.length(), replacement );
+      pos += hl_start.length() + query.length() + hl_end.length();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void execute_search( PageData& page_data, const std::string& query, std::size_t& scroll_y, bool next_match )
+{
+  if ( query.empty() ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if ( !next_match || query != page_data.last_search ) {
+    find_search_matches( page_data, query );
+    apply_search_highlight( page_data, query );
+  } else if ( !page_data.match_lines.empty() ) {
+    page_data.current_match_idx = ( page_data.current_match_idx + 1 ) % page_data.match_lines.size();
+  }
+
+  if ( page_data.match_lines.empty() ) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const std::size_t target_line = page_data.match_lines[page_data.current_match_idx];
+  scroll_y = ( target_line > 5 ) ? ( target_line - 5 ) : 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/ui_input.cc b/src/core/ui_input.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f57dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/ui_input.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/ui_input.hh"
+#include "ricochet/core/browser.hh"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+std::string get_url_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal )
+{
+  auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
+  terminal.move_cursor( height, 1 );
+  std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[7m URL: \033[0m ";
+  std::cout.flush();
+
+  std::string input;
+  terminal.show_cursor( true );
+  while ( true ) {
+    const char ch = terminal.read_key();
+    if ( ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' ) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if ( ch == 27 ) {
+      input.clear();
+      break;
+    }
+    if ( ch == 127 || ch == 8 ) {
+      if ( !input.empty() ) {
+        input.pop_back();
+        std::cout << "\b \b";
+        std::cout.flush();
+      }
+    } else if ( std::isprint( static_cast<unsigned char>( ch ) ) ) {
+      input += ch;
+      std::cout << ch;
+      std::cout.flush();
+    }
+  }
+  terminal.show_cursor( false );
+
+  return Browser::format_url( std::move( input ) );
+}
+
+std::string get_terminal_input( const tui::Terminal& terminal, const std::string& prompt )
+{
+  auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
+  terminal.move_cursor( height, 1 );
+  std::cout << "\x1b[2K\033[7m " << prompt << " \033[0m ";
+  std::cout.flush();
+
+  std::string input;
+  terminal.show_cursor( true );
+  while ( true ) {
+    const char ch = terminal.read_key();
+    if ( ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' ) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if ( ch == 27 ) {
+      input.clear();
+      break;
+    }
+    if ( ch == 127 || ch == 8 ) {
+      if ( !input.empty() ) {
+        input.pop_back();
+        std::cout << "\b \b";
+        std::cout.flush();
+      }
+    } else if ( std::isprint( static_cast<unsigned char>( ch ) ) ) {
+      input += ch;
+      std::cout << ch;
+      std::cout.flush();
+    }
+  }
+  terminal.show_cursor( false );
+  return input;
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/ui_view.cc b/src/core/ui_view.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5164fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/ui_view.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/ui_view.hh"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+std::string build_footer( std::string_view url, std::size_t width )
+{
+  const std::string_view keys
+    = " | [j/k]Scroll [n/N]Find [/]Nav [f]Hint [i]In [r]Ref [H/L]Back [h]Hist [b/B]Mark [?]Help [q]Quit ";
+  const std::string_view prefix = " URL: ";
+
+  std::string footer;
+  if ( width <= keys.length() + prefix.length() + 3 ) {
+    footer.reserve( prefix.length() + url.length() + keys.length() );
+    footer += prefix;
+    footer += url;
+    footer += keys;
+    if ( footer.length() > width && width > 3 ) {
+      footer.erase( width - 3 );
+      footer += "...";
+    }
+  } else {
+    const std::size_t max_url_len = width - keys.length() - prefix.length();
+    footer.reserve( width );
+    footer += prefix;
+    if ( url.length() > max_url_len ) {
+      footer += url.substr( 0, max_url_len - 3 );
+      footer += "...";
+    } else {
+      footer += url;
+    }
+    footer += keys;
+  }
+
+  if ( footer.length() < width ) {
+    footer.append( width - footer.length(), ' ' );
+  }
+  return footer;
+}
+
+void draw_view( const tui::Terminal& terminal,
+                const std::vector<std::string>& lines,
+                std::size_t scroll_y,
+                std::string_view url,    // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
+                std::string_view title ) // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
+{
+  terminal.clear_screen();
+  auto [width, height] = terminal.get_size();
+  const std::size_t usable_height = ( height > 2 ) ? ( height - 2 ) : 1;
+
+  std::string clean_title( title );
+  if ( clean_title.empty() ) {
+    const std::size_t start = url.find( "://" );
+    const std::size_t host_start = ( start == std::string::npos ) ? 0 : start + 3;
+    const std::size_t host_end = url.find( '/', host_start );
+    clean_title = std::string( url.substr( host_start, host_end - host_start ) );
+  }
+  for ( char& c : clean_title ) {
+    if ( c == '\n' || c == '\r' ) {
+      c = ' ';
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string header = " PAGE: " + clean_title;
+  if ( header.size() < width ) {
+    header.append( width - header.size(), ' ' );
+  } else if ( header.size() > width && width > 3 ) {
+    header = header.substr( 0, width - 3 ) + "...";
+  }
+  std::cout << "\033[7m" << header << "\033[0m\r\n";
+
+  for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < usable_height; ++i ) {
+    if ( scroll_y + i < lines.size() ) {
+      std::cout << lines[scroll_y + i] << "\r\n";
+    } else {
+      std::cout << "~\r\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  const std::string footer = build_footer( url, width );
+  std::cout << "\033[7m" << footer << "\033[0m";
+  std::cout.flush();
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
diff --git a/src/core/utils.cc b/src/core/utils.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddc6321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/utils.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Ricochet - A minimalist CLI web browser for fast, distraction-free navigation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026  Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include "ricochet/core/utils.hh"
+
+namespace ricochet::core {
+
+std::vector<std::string> split_into_lines( const std::string& text )
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  std::size_t start = 0;
+  while ( start < text.length() ) {
+    const std::size_t end = text.find( '\n', start );
+    if ( end == std::string::npos ) {
+      lines.push_back( text.substr( start ) );
+      break;
+    }
+    lines.push_back( text.substr( start, end - start ) );
+    start = end + 1;
+  }
+  return lines;
+}
+
+std::string normalize_url( const std::string& target, const std::string& current_url )
+{
+  if ( target.starts_with( "/" ) ) {
+    if ( target.starts_with( "//" ) ) {
+      return "https:" + target;
+    }
+    const std::size_t slash_pos = current_url.find( '/', 8 );
+    const std::string domain
+      = ( slash_pos == std::string::npos ) ? current_url : current_url.substr( 0, slash_pos );
+    return domain + target;
+  }
+  if ( !target.starts_with( "http" ) ) {
+    const std::size_t last_slash = current_url.rfind( '/' );
+    if ( last_slash > 7 ) {
+      return current_url.substr( 0, last_slash + 1 ) + target;
+    }
+    return current_url + "/" + target;
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+std::string strip_ddg_tracker( std::string target )
+{
+  const std::size_t uddg_pos = target.find( "uddg=" );
+  if ( uddg_pos != std::string::npos ) {
+    const std::size_t end_pos = target.find( '&', uddg_pos );
+    const std::string encoded = target.substr( uddg_pos + 5, end_pos - ( uddg_pos + 5 ) );
+    std::string decoded;
+    for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < encoded.length(); ++i ) {
+      if ( encoded[i] == '%' && i + 2 < encoded.length() ) {
+        const std::string hex = encoded.substr( i + 1, 2 );
+        try {
+          decoded += static_cast<char>( std::stoi( hex, nullptr, 16 ) );
+        } catch ( const std::exception& ) {
+          (void)0;
+        }
+        i += 2;
+      } else {
+        decoded += encoded[i];
+      }
+    }
+    return decoded;
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> wrap_lines( const std::vector<std::string>& original_lines, std::size_t wrap_width )
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> wrapped_lines;
+  for ( const auto& line : original_lines ) {
+    std::string current_line;
+    std::size_t vis_count = 0;
+    bool in_ansi = false;
+    for ( const char c : line ) {
+      if ( c == '\x1b' ) {
+        in_ansi = true;
+      }
+      if ( in_ansi ) {
+        current_line += c;
+        if ( c == 'm' ) {
+          in_ansi = false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if ( vis_count >= wrap_width ) {
+          wrapped_lines.push_back( current_line + "\033[0m" );
+          current_line.clear();
+          vis_count = 0;
+        }
+        current_line += c;
+        vis_count++;
+      }
+    }
+    if ( !current_line.empty() || line.empty() ) {
+      wrapped_lines.push_back( current_line + "\033[0m" );
+    }
+  }
+  return wrapped_lines;
+}
+
+} // namespace ricochet::core
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