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+;;; init-files.el --- File management -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2026 Richard Qin
+;; SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+;; Author: Richard Qin
+;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; Configure file backups and automatic saving.
+;; Store generated files under the var/ directory.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+;; Directories
+;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(defvar my/backup-directory
+  (expand-file-name "var/backups/" user-emacs-directory)
+  "Directory for backup files.")
+
+(defvar my/auto-save-directory
+  (expand-file-name "var/auto-save/" user-emacs-directory)
+  "Directory for auto-save files.")
+
+(defvar my/auto-save-list-directory
+  (expand-file-name "var/auto-save-list/" user-emacs-directory)
+  "Directory for auto-save session records.")
+
+(dolist (dir (list my/backup-directory
+                   my/auto-save-directory
+                   my/auto-save-list-directory))
+  (make-directory dir t))
+
+
+;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+;; Backups
+;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+;; Enable backup files.
+(setq make-backup-files t)
+
+;; Store all backups in a dedicated directory.
+(setq backup-directory-alist
+      `(("." . ,my/backup-directory)))
+
+;; Use numbered backups.
+(setq version-control t)
+
+;; Keep several versions of each file.
+(setq kept-new-versions 10
+      kept-old-versions 2
+      delete-old-versions t)
+
+
+;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+;; Auto-save
+;; ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+;; Enable automatic saving.
+(setq auto-save-default t)
+
+;; Store auto-save files in a dedicated directory.
+;; SHA-1 avoids excessively long generated filenames.
+(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
+      `((".*" ,my/auto-save-directory sha1)))
+
+;; Store auto-save session records separately.
+(setq auto-save-list-file-prefix
+      (expand-file-name
+       ".saves-"
+       my/auto-save-list-directory))
+
+
+(provide 'init-files)
+
+;;; init-files.el ends here