feat: Add initial Supervisor Mode Trap Handler

Implement the initial mechanism for handling traps and exceptions in Supervisor Mode.

Set up the stvec Control and Status Register (CSR) to direct all S-Mode Traps (Interrupts and Exceptions) to a unified assembly entry point.

Implemented assembly code for saving and restoring the Trap Context (register state).

Provides the foundational framework necessary for future Timer Interrupts and System Calls.

3 files changed, 55 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/include/common/types.h b/include/common/types.h
index 56500c5..4a22791 100644
--- a/include/common/types.h
+++ b/include/common/types.h
@@ -11,4 +11,6 @@ typedef signed int         int32_t;
 typedef signed long long   int64_t;
 
 typedef uint64_t           size_t;
-typedef uint64_t           uintptr_t;
\ No newline at end of file
+typedef uint64_t           uintptr_t;
+
+typedef uint64_t           uint64;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/drivers/uart.h b/include/drivers/uart.h
index 8bf4560..4d00d94 100644
--- a/include/drivers/uart.h
+++ b/include/drivers/uart.h
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
+typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
 
 namespace Drivers {
     void uart_init();
     void uart_putc(char c);
     void uart_puts(const char* s);
+    void print_hex(uint64_t val);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/kernel/trap.h b/include/kernel/trap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd51ef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/kernel/trap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "common/types.h"
+
+struct Trapframe
+{
+    /* 0 */ uint64 kernel_satp;
+    /* 8 */ uint64 kernel_sp;
+    /* 16 */ uint64 kernel_trap;
+    /* 24 */ uint64 epc;
+    /* 32 */ uint64 kernel_hartid;
+
+    /* 40 */ uint64 ra;   // x1
+    /* 48 */ uint64 sp;   // x2
+    /* 56 */ uint64 gp;   // x3
+    /* 64 */ uint64 tp;   // x4
+    /* 72 */ uint64 t0;   // x5
+    /* 80 */ uint64 t1;   // x6
+    /* 88 */ uint64 t2;   // x7
+    /* 96 */ uint64 s0;   // x8 (Frame Pointer)
+    /* 104 */ uint64 s1;  // x9
+    /* 112 */ uint64 a0;  // x10
+    /* 120 */ uint64 a1;  // x11
+    /* 128 */ uint64 a2;  // x12
+    /* 136 */ uint64 a3;  // x13
+    /* 144 */ uint64 a4;  // x14
+    /* 152 */ uint64 a5;  // x15
+    /* 160 */ uint64 a6;  // x16
+    /* 168 */ uint64 a7;  // x17
+    /* 176 */ uint64 s2;  // x18
+    /* 184 */ uint64 s3;  // x19
+    /* 192 */ uint64 s4;  // x20
+    /* 200 */ uint64 s5;  // x21
+    /* 208 */ uint64 s6;  // x22
+    /* 216 */ uint64 s7;  // x23
+    /* 224 */ uint64 s8;  // x24
+    /* 232 */ uint64 s9;  // x25
+    /* 240 */ uint64 s10; // x26
+    /* 248 */ uint64 s11; // x27
+    /* 256 */ uint64 t3;  // x28
+    /* 264 */ uint64 t4;  // x29
+    /* 272 */ uint64 t5;  // x30
+    /* 280 */ uint64 t6;  // x31
+};
+
+namespace Trap
+{
+    void init();
+    extern "C" void kernelvec();
+    extern "C" void kerneltrap(struct Trapframe *tf);
+}
\ No newline at end of file