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diff --git a/include/atp/core/clause_store.h b/include/atp/core/clause_store.h
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+/*
+ * richard-atp-engine: A saturation-based automated theorem prover for first-order logic.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Richard Qin
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// @file clause_store.h
+/// @brief Central clause storage — owns all clauses, assigns ClauseIds.
+///
+/// Extracted from Prover to separate storage responsibility from search logic.
+/// This enables swapping search strategies (OTTER loop / DISCOUNT loop)
+/// without touching clause lifecycle management.
+
+#include "atp/core/clause.h"
+#include "atp/core/types.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace atp {
+
+/// Central clause store. Owns all clauses and assigns unique ClauseIds.
+/// All modules access clauses through this store via ClauseId references.
+class ClauseStore {
+  public:
+    ClauseStore() = default;
+
+    /// Add a clause, assign it a ClauseId, and return the ID.
+    ClauseId addClause(Clause clause);
+
+    /// Access a clause by its ID. UB if id is out of range.
+    [[nodiscard]] const Clause& getClause(ClauseId id) const;
+
+    /// Mutable access (for marking clauses as deleted, etc.)
+    [[nodiscard]] Clause& getMutableClause(ClauseId id);
+
+    /// Total number of stored clauses.
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t size() const;
+
+    /// Iterate over all clauses with a visitor.
+    void forEach(const std::function<void(const Clause&)>& visitor) const;
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<Clause> clauses_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace atp