[Tooling] Complete backend tooling and validation

14 files changed, 3211 insertions, 2746 deletions

diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/CMakeLists.txt b/backend/lib/MIR/CMakeLists.txt
index 2ef63ed..f227390 100644
--- a/backend/lib/MIR/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,8 +6,16 @@ set(
   LLVMConstantSyntax.cpp
   MIDebugSyntax.cpp
   MILexer.cpp
+  MIRDataParser.cpp
   MIRDocument.cpp
+  MIRDocumentParser.cpp
+  MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.cpp
   MIRDocumentPrinter.cpp
+  MIRFrameParser.cpp
+  MIRFunctionParser.cpp
+  MIRFunctionRecordsParser.cpp
+  MIRMetadataParser.cpp
+  MIRMetadataTextParser.cpp
   MIParser.cpp
   MIPrinter.cpp
 )
@@ -55,9 +63,20 @@ rcc_backend_register_format_files(
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LLVMConstantSyntax.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIDebugSyntax.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MILexer.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDataParser.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocument.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentParser.h"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentPrinter.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRFrameParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRFunctionParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRFunctionRecordsParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRMetadataParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRMetadataTextParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRParserUtilities.h"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIParser.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIPrinter.cpp"
   ${RCCBackendMIRHeaders}
@@ -67,8 +86,16 @@ rcc_backend_register_tidy_files(
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LLVMConstantSyntax.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIDebugSyntax.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MILexer.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDataParser.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocument.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRDocumentPrinter.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRFrameParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRFunctionParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRFunctionRecordsParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRMetadataParser.cpp"
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIRMetadataTextParser.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIParser.cpp"
   "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MIPrinter.cpp"
 )
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIParser.cpp
index ecf4986..483c2f2 100644
--- a/backend/lib/MIR/MIParser.cpp
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIParser.cpp
@@ -1098,14 +1098,21 @@ bool MIParser::Impl::parseRegisterOperand(bool IsDef, ParsedOperand &Result) {
     } else if (at(MITokenKind::Identifier)) {
       if (const RegisterClassDesc *Class =
               Target.registers().registerClass(token().stringValue())) {
-        if ((Info.RegClass && *Info.RegClass != Class->ID) || Info.Bank)
+        if ((Info.RegClass && *Info.RegClass != Class->ID) ||
+            (Info.Bank && *Info.Bank != Class->DefaultBank))
           return fail("conflicting virtual register class");
         auto SetClass = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterClass(Reg, Class->ID);
         if (!SetClass)
           return importError(token(), SetClass.error());
+        auto SetBank = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterBank(Reg, Class->DefaultBank);
+        if (!SetBank)
+          return importError(token(), SetBank.error());
       } else if (const RegisterBankDesc *Bank =
                      Target.registers().registerBank(token().stringValue())) {
-        if ((Info.Bank && *Info.Bank != Bank->ID) || Info.RegClass)
+        const RegisterClassDesc *ExistingClass =
+            Info.RegClass ? Target.registers().registerClass(*Info.RegClass) : nullptr;
+        if ((Info.Bank && *Info.Bank != Bank->ID) ||
+            (Info.RegClass && (ExistingClass == nullptr || ExistingClass->DefaultBank != Bank->ID)))
           return fail("conflicting virtual register bank");
         auto SetBank = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterBank(Reg, Bank->ID);
         if (!SetBank)
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDataParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDataParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc70f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDataParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseBool;
+using parser_detail::parsePrefixedID;
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+using parser_detail::trim;
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseConstants(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                       MIParserContext &Context) {
+  const yaml::Node *Constants = mappingValue(Root, "constants");
+  if (Constants == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  if (requireKind(*Constants, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "constant pool"))
+    return true;
+  constexpr std::array Keys{
+      std::string_view{"id"},
+      std::string_view{"value"},
+      std::string_view{"alignment"},
+      std::string_view{"isTargetSpecific"},
+  };
+  std::vector<LLVMNamedTypeDefinition> NamedTypes;
+  const std::string_view DataLayout = effectiveDataLayout();
+  if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR) {
+    const auto Definitions = ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->typeDefinitions();
+    NamedTypes.reserve(Definitions.size());
+    for (const EmbeddedIRTypeDefinition &Definition : Definitions) {
+      NamedTypes.push_back({.Name = Definition.Name,
+                            .Definition = Definition.Definition,
+                            .NumericName = Definition.NumericName});
+    }
+  }
+  std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
+  for (const yaml::NodeID ConstantID : Constants->sequence()) {
+    const yaml::Node *Constant = node(ConstantID);
+    if (Constant == nullptr ||
+        requireKind(*Constant, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "constant pool entry") ||
+        validateKeys(*Constant, Keys, "constant pool entry")) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "id");
+    const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "value");
+    if (IDNode == nullptr || ValueNode == nullptr)
+      return fail(Constant->range(), "constant pool entry requires 'id' and 'value'");
+    std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
+    if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit constant pool ID") ||
+        WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
+    if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
+      return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate constant pool ID");
+
+    bool IsTargetSpecific = false;
+    if (const yaml::Node *TargetNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "isTargetSpecific")) {
+      if (boolean(*TargetNode, IsTargetSpecific))
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (IsTargetSpecific) {
+      std::string_view ValueText;
+      if (scalar(*ValueNode, ValueText, "target constant"))
+        return true;
+      auto TargetConstantValue = Target.mirText().parseTargetConstant(ValueText);
+      if (!TargetConstantValue)
+        return importError(ValueNode->range(), TargetConstantValue.error(), "mir-target-constant");
+      auto Emission = TargetConstantValue->emit();
+      if (!Emission)
+        return importError(ValueNode->range(), Emission.error(), "mir-target-constant");
+      auto RequiredAlignment = TargetConstantValue->requiredAlignment();
+      if (!RequiredAlignment)
+        return importError(ValueNode->range(), RequiredAlignment.error(), "mir-target-constant");
+
+      MachineConstantPoolEntryDesc Description;
+      Description.Size = Emission->Bytes.size();
+      Description.Align = *RequiredAlignment;
+      Description.Value = std::move(*TargetConstantValue);
+      if (const yaml::Node *AlignmentNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "alignment")) {
+        if (alignment(*AlignmentNode, Description.Align, true))
+          return true;
+      }
+      auto Added = Function.constantPool().addEntry(std::move(Description));
+      if (!Added)
+        return importError(Constant->range(), Added.error());
+      Context.ConstantPoolItems.push_back({.TextID = TextID, .Index = *Added});
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    std::string_view ValueText;
+    if (scalar(*ValueNode, ValueText, "LLVM constant"))
+      return true;
+    const LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions ConstantOptions{
+        .DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Context.DefaultPointerSizeInBits,
+        .DataLayout = DataLayout,
+        .NamedTypes = NamedTypes,
+    };
+    auto Data = parseLLVMConstant(trim(ValueText), ConstantOptions);
+    if (!Data)
+      return importError(ValueNode->range(), Data.error(), "mir-llvm-constant");
+    auto Size = llvmConstantStorageSize(Data->Type, ConstantOptions);
+    if (!Size)
+      return importError(ValueNode->range(), Size.error(), "mir-llvm-constant");
+
+    MachineConstantPoolEntryDesc Description;
+    Description.Size = *Size;
+    Description.Value = std::move(*Data);
+    if (const yaml::Node *AlignmentNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "alignment")) {
+      if (alignment(*AlignmentNode, Description.Align, true))
+        return true;
+    } else {
+      auto Preferred = llvmConstantPreferredAlignment(
+          std::get<GenericConstantData>(Description.Value).Type, ConstantOptions);
+      if (!Preferred)
+        return importError(ValueNode->range(), Preferred.error(), "mir-llvm-constant");
+      Description.Align = *Preferred;
+    }
+    auto Added = Function.constantPool().addEntry(std::move(Description));
+    if (!Added)
+      return importError(Constant->range(), Added.error());
+    Context.ConstantPoolItems.push_back({.TextID = TextID, .Index = *Added});
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::reserveJumpTables(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                          MIParserContext &Context,
+                                          std::vector<PendingJumpTable> &Pending) {
+  const yaml::Node *JumpTable = mappingValue(Root, "jumpTable");
+  if (JumpTable == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  if (requireKind(*JumpTable, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "jump table"))
+    return true;
+  constexpr std::array JumpTableKeys{
+      std::string_view{"kind"},
+      std::string_view{"entries"},
+  };
+  if (validateKeys(*JumpTable, JumpTableKeys, "jump table"))
+    return true;
+  const yaml::Node *KindNode = mappingValue(*JumpTable, "kind");
+  if (KindNode == nullptr)
+    return fail(JumpTable->range(), "jump table requires 'kind'");
+  std::string_view KindName;
+  if (scalar(*KindNode, KindName, "jump table kind"))
+    return true;
+
+  JumpTableEntryEncoding Encoding;
+  std::uint8_t EntrySize = 8;
+  if (KindName == "block-address")
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::BlockAddress;
+  else if (KindName == "gp-rel64-block-address")
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::GPRelative64BlockAddress;
+  else if (KindName == "gp-rel32-block-address") {
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::GPRelative32BlockAddress;
+    EntrySize = 4;
+  } else if (KindName == "label-difference32") {
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::LabelDifference32;
+    EntrySize = 4;
+  } else if (KindName == "label-difference64")
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::LabelDifference64;
+  else if (KindName == "inline") {
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::Inline;
+    EntrySize = 4;
+  } else if (KindName == "custom32") {
+    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::Custom32;
+    EntrySize = 4;
+  } else {
+    return fail(KindNode->range(), "unknown jump table kind '" + std::string(KindName) + "'");
+  }
+
+  const yaml::Node *Entries = mappingValue(*JumpTable, "entries");
+  if (Entries == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  if (requireKind(*Entries, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "jump table entries"))
+    return true;
+  constexpr std::array EntryKeys{
+      std::string_view{"id"},
+      std::string_view{"blocks"},
+  };
+  std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
+  for (const yaml::NodeID EntryID : Entries->sequence()) {
+    const yaml::Node *Entry = node(EntryID);
+    if (Entry == nullptr || requireKind(*Entry, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "jump table entry") ||
+        validateKeys(*Entry, EntryKeys, "jump table entry")) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "id");
+    if (IDNode == nullptr)
+      return fail(Entry->range(), "jump table entry requires 'id'");
+    std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
+    if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit jump table ID") ||
+        WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
+    if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
+      return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate jump table ID");
+    auto Reserved = Function.jumpTableInfo().reserveTable();
+    if (!Reserved)
+      return importError(Entry->range(), Reserved.error());
+    PendingJumpTable NewPending{
+        .Index = *Reserved,
+        .TextID = TextID,
+        .Encoding = Encoding,
+        .EntrySize = EntrySize,
+        .Blocks = {},
+    };
+    if (const yaml::Node *Blocks = mappingValue(*Entry, "blocks")) {
+      if (requireKind(*Blocks, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "jump table blocks"))
+        return true;
+      for (const yaml::NodeID BlockID : Blocks->sequence()) {
+        const yaml::Node *BlockNode = node(BlockID);
+        std::string_view Text;
+        if (BlockNode == nullptr || scalar(*BlockNode, Text, "basic block reference"))
+          return true;
+        NewPending.Blocks.emplace_back(Text);
+      }
+    }
+    if (NewPending.Blocks.empty())
+      return fail(Entry->range(), "jump table entry must contain at least one block");
+    Context.JumpTables.push_back({.TextID = TextID, .Index = *Reserved});
+    Pending.push_back(std::move(NewPending));
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::defineJumpTables(MachineFunction &Function,
+                                         std::span<const PendingJumpTable> Pending) {
+  for (const PendingJumpTable &Table : Pending) {
+    MachineJumpTableDesc Description;
+    Description.Encoding = Table.Encoding;
+    Description.EntrySize = Table.EntrySize;
+    Description.Align = *Alignment::create(Table.EntrySize);
+    for (const std::string &Text : Table.Blocks) {
+      MachineBasicBlock *Block = nullptr;
+      if (parseBlockReference(Text, Result.Source.range(0, 0), Function, Block))
+        return true;
+      if (Block == nullptr)
+        return fail(Result.Source.range(0, 0), "reference to undefined machine basic block");
+      Description.Targets.push_back(Block);
+    }
+    auto DefineResult =
+        Function.jumpTableInfo().defineReservedTable(Table.Index, std::move(Description));
+    if (!DefineResult)
+      return importError(Result.Source.range(0, 0), DefineResult.error());
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocument.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocument.cpp
index 67e6ffb..ad9ec40 100644
--- a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocument.cpp
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocument.cpp
@@ -2,2755 +2,12 @@
 
 #include "rcc/MIR/MIRDocument.h"
 
-#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
-#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
-#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
-#include "rcc/MIR/MIDebugSyntax.h"
-#include "rcc/MIR/MILexer.h"
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <array>
-#include <charconv>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <functional>
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <limits>
-#include <optional>
-#include <ranges>
-#include <span>
 #include <string>
-#include <string_view>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <unordered_set>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 namespace rcc::mir {
-namespace {
-
-[[nodiscard]] std::string_view trim(std::string_view Text) noexcept {
-  while (!Text.empty() && (Text.front() == ' ' || Text.front() == '\t' || Text.front() == '\r' ||
-                           Text.front() == '\n')) {
-    Text.remove_prefix(1);
-  }
-  while (!Text.empty() && (Text.back() == ' ' || Text.back() == '\t' || Text.back() == '\r' ||
-                           Text.back() == '\n')) {
-    Text.remove_suffix(1);
-  }
-  return Text;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] bool parseUnsigned(std::string_view Text, std::uint64_t &Value) noexcept {
-  Text = trim(Text);
-  int Base = 10;
-  if (Text.starts_with("0x") || Text.starts_with("0X")) {
-    Text.remove_prefix(2);
-    Base = 16;
-  }
-  if (Text.empty())
-    return false;
-  const auto [End, Error] = std::from_chars(Text.data(), Text.data() + Text.size(), Value, Base);
-  return Error == std::errc{} && End == Text.data() + Text.size();
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] bool parseSigned(std::string_view Text, std::int64_t &Value) noexcept {
-  Text = trim(Text);
-  if (Text.empty())
-    return false;
-  const auto [End, Error] = std::from_chars(Text.data(), Text.data() + Text.size(), Value, 10);
-  return Error == std::errc{} && End == Text.data() + Text.size();
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] bool parseUnsigned32(std::string_view Text, std::uint32_t &Value) noexcept {
-  std::uint64_t Wide = 0;
-  if (!parseUnsigned(Text, Wide) || Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max())
-    return false;
-  Value = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Wide);
-  return true;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] bool parseBool(std::string_view Text, bool &Value) noexcept {
-  if (Text == "true") {
-    Value = true;
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (Text == "false") {
-    Value = false;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::uint32_t> parsePrefixedID(std::string_view Text,
-                                                           std::string_view Prefix) noexcept {
-  Text = trim(Text);
-  if (!Text.starts_with(Prefix))
-    return std::nullopt;
-  Text.remove_prefix(Prefix.size());
-  const std::size_t Suffix = Text.find_first_of(". \t");
-  if (Suffix != std::string_view::npos)
-    Text = Text.substr(0, Suffix);
-  std::uint32_t ID = 0;
-  if (!parseUnsigned32(Text, ID))
-    return std::nullopt;
-  return ID;
-}
-
-struct PendingJumpTable final {
-  JumpTableIndex Index;
-  std::uint32_t TextID = 0;
-  JumpTableEntryEncoding Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::BlockAddress;
-  std::uint8_t EntrySize = 8;
-  std::vector<std::string> Blocks;
-};
-
-class MetadataTextParser final {
-public:
-  using Resolver = std::function<Expected<MachineMetadataReference>(std::uint32_t Slot)>;
-
-  MetadataTextParser(std::string Text, Resolver Resolve)
-      : Lexer("MIR metadata scalar", std::move(Text)), Resolve(std::move(Resolve)) {
-    do {
-      Tokens.push_back(Lexer.next());
-    } while (!Tokens.back().isErrorOrEnd());
-  }
-
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataReference> parseReferenceOnly();
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataValue> parseValue();
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineDebugLocation> parseLocation();
-
-private:
-  [[nodiscard]] const MIToken &token() const noexcept {
-    return Tokens[Position];
-  }
-  [[nodiscard]] bool at(MITokenKind Kind) const noexcept {
-    return token().is(Kind);
-  }
-  void advance() noexcept {
-    if (Position + 1U < Tokens.size())
-      ++Position;
-  }
-  [[nodiscard]] bool consume(MITokenKind Kind) noexcept {
-    if (!at(Kind))
-      return false;
-    advance();
-    return true;
-  }
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<void> expect(MITokenKind Kind, std::string_view Description);
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<void> finish();
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataReference> parseReference();
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineDIExpression> parseExpression();
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<void> parseDILocation(std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> &Frames,
-                                               std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> &Terminal);
-
-  MILexer Lexer;
-  Resolver Resolve;
-  std::vector<MIToken> Tokens;
-  std::size_t Position = 0;
-};
-
-Expected<void> MetadataTextParser::expect(MITokenKind Kind, std::string_view Description) {
-  if (consume(Kind))
-    return {};
-  return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                        "expected " + std::string(Description) + " in MIR metadata scalar");
-}
-
-Expected<void> MetadataTextParser::finish() {
-  while (consume(MITokenKind::Newline)) {
-  }
-  if (Lexer.failed()) {
-    if (!Lexer.diagnostics().empty()) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                            std::string(Lexer.diagnostics().front().Message));
-    }
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "invalid MIR metadata scalar");
-  }
-  if (!at(MITokenKind::EndOfFile))
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "unexpected trailing MIR metadata tokens");
-  return {};
-}
-
-Expected<MachineMetadataReference> MetadataTextParser::parseReference() {
-  if (auto Exclaim = expect(MITokenKind::Exclaim, "'!' before a metadata slot"); !Exclaim)
-    return std::unexpected(Exclaim.error());
-  if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral))
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected a 32-bit metadata slot");
-  std::uint32_t Slot = 0;
-  if (!parseUnsigned32(token().integerValue(), Slot))
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "metadata slot is outside the 32-bit range");
-  advance();
-  return Resolve(Slot);
-}
-
-Expected<MachineMetadataReference> MetadataTextParser::parseReferenceOnly() {
-  auto Reference = parseReference();
-  if (!Reference)
-    return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
-  if (auto Finished = finish(); !Finished)
-    return std::unexpected(Finished.error());
-  return Reference;
-}
-
-Expected<MachineDIExpression> MetadataTextParser::parseExpression() {
-  if (!at(MITokenKind::MetadataKeyword) || !token().isMetadataKeyword("!DIExpression")) {
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected an inline !DIExpression");
-  }
-  advance();
-  if (auto Left = expect(MITokenKind::LeftParen, "'(' after !DIExpression"); !Left)
-    return std::unexpected(Left.error());
-  std::vector<std::uint64_t> Elements;
-  while (!at(MITokenKind::RightParen)) {
-    if (at(MITokenKind::Identifier)) {
-      const auto Opcode = parseDIExpressionOpcodeName(token().stringValue());
-      if (!Opcode) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "unknown DIExpression opcode '" +
-                                                         std::string(token().stringValue()) + "'");
-      }
-      Elements.push_back(*Opcode);
-      advance();
-    } else if (at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral)) {
-      std::int64_t Signed = 0;
-      std::uint64_t Unsigned = 0;
-      if (parseSigned(token().integerValue(), Signed))
-        Elements.push_back(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(Signed));
-      else if (parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Unsigned))
-        Elements.push_back(Unsigned);
-      else
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DIExpression integer exceeds 64 bits");
-      advance();
-    } else {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected a DIExpression opcode or integer");
-    }
-    if (!consume(MITokenKind::Comma))
-      break;
-  }
-  if (auto Right = expect(MITokenKind::RightParen, "')' after !DIExpression"); !Right)
-    return std::unexpected(Right.error());
-  return MachineDIExpression(std::move(Elements));
-}
-
-Expected<MachineMetadataValue> MetadataTextParser::parseValue() {
-  MachineMetadataValue Value;
-  if (at(MITokenKind::Exclaim)) {
-    auto Reference = parseReference();
-    if (!Reference)
-      return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
-    auto Created = MachineMetadataValue::reference(*Reference);
-    if (!Created)
-      return std::unexpected(Created.error());
-    Value = std::move(*Created);
-  } else {
-    auto Expression = parseExpression();
-    if (!Expression)
-      return std::unexpected(Expression.error());
-    Value = MachineMetadataValue::expression(std::move(*Expression));
-  }
-  if (auto Finished = finish(); !Finished)
-    return std::unexpected(Finished.error());
-  return Value;
-}
-
-Expected<void>
-MetadataTextParser::parseDILocation(std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> &Frames,
-                                    std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> &Terminal) {
-  if (!at(MITokenKind::MetadataKeyword) || !token().isMetadataKeyword("!DILocation")) {
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected an inline !DILocation");
-  }
-  advance();
-  if (auto Left = expect(MITokenKind::LeftParen, "'(' after !DILocation"); !Left)
-    return Left;
-
-  MachineDILocationFrame Frame;
-  bool HasLine = false;
-  bool HasScope = false;
-  std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> NestedFrames;
-  std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> NestedTerminal;
-  std::unordered_set<std::string> Seen;
-  while (!at(MITokenKind::RightParen)) {
-    if (!at(MITokenKind::Identifier))
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected a DILocation field name");
-    const std::string Field(token().stringValue());
-    if (!Seen.insert(Field).second) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "duplicate DILocation field '" + Field + "'");
-    }
-    advance();
-    if (auto Colon = expect(MITokenKind::Colon, "':' after a DILocation field"); !Colon)
-      return Colon;
-
-    if (Field == "line") {
-      std::uint32_t Value = 0;
-      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned32(token().integerValue(), Value)) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                              "DILocation line must be an unsigned 32-bit integer");
-      }
-      Frame.Line = Value;
-      HasLine = true;
-      advance();
-    } else if (Field == "column") {
-      std::uint64_t Value = 0;
-      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Value) ||
-          Value > std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max()) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                              "DILocation column must be an unsigned 16-bit integer");
-      }
-      Frame.Column = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(Value);
-      advance();
-    } else if (Field == "scope") {
-      auto Scope = parseReference();
-      if (!Scope)
-        return std::unexpected(Scope.error());
-      if (Scope->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                              "DILocation scope must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata");
-      }
-      Frame.Scope = *Scope;
-      HasScope = true;
-    } else if (Field == "inlinedAt") {
-      if (at(MITokenKind::MetadataKeyword) && token().isMetadataKeyword("!DILocation")) {
-        if (auto Nested = parseDILocation(NestedFrames, NestedTerminal); !Nested)
-          return Nested;
-      } else {
-        auto Reference = parseReference();
-        if (!Reference)
-          return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
-        if (Reference->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
-          return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                                "DILocation inlinedAt must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata");
-        }
-        NestedTerminal = *Reference;
-      }
-    } else if (Field == "isImplicitCode") {
-      if (!at(MITokenKind::Identifier) ||
-          (token().stringValue() != "true" && token().stringValue() != "false")) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                              "DILocation isImplicitCode must be true or false");
-      }
-      Frame.IsImplicitCode = token().stringValue() == "true";
-      advance();
-    } else if (Field == "atomGroup") {
-      std::uint64_t Value = 0;
-      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Value) ||
-          Value > MachineDILocation::MaxAtomGroup) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DILocation atomGroup exceeds 61 bits");
-      }
-      Frame.AtomGroup = Value;
-      advance();
-    } else if (Field == "atomRank") {
-      std::uint64_t Value = 0;
-      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Value) ||
-          Value > 7) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DILocation atomRank exceeds three bits");
-      }
-      Frame.AtomRank = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(Value);
-      advance();
-    } else {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "unknown DILocation field '" + Field + "'");
-    }
-    if (!consume(MITokenKind::Comma))
-      break;
-  }
-  if (auto Right = expect(MITokenKind::RightParen, "')' after !DILocation"); !Right)
-    return Right;
-  if (!HasLine || !HasScope)
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DILocation requires line and scope fields");
-  Frames.push_back(Frame);
-  Frames.insert(Frames.end(), NestedFrames.begin(), NestedFrames.end());
-  Terminal = NestedTerminal;
-  return {};
-}
-
-Expected<MachineDebugLocation> MetadataTextParser::parseLocation() {
-  MachineDebugLocation Location;
-  if (at(MITokenKind::Exclaim)) {
-    auto Reference = parseReference();
-    if (!Reference)
-      return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
-    auto Created = MachineDebugLocation::reference(*Reference);
-    if (!Created)
-      return std::unexpected(Created.error());
-    Location = std::move(*Created);
-  } else {
-    std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> Frames;
-    std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> Terminal;
-    if (auto Parsed = parseDILocation(Frames, Terminal); !Parsed)
-      return std::unexpected(Parsed.error());
-    auto Created = MachineDILocation::create(std::move(Frames), Terminal);
-    if (!Created)
-      return std::unexpected(Created.error());
-    Location = MachineDebugLocation::inlineLocation(std::move(*Created));
-  }
-  if (auto Finished = finish(); !Finished)
-    return std::unexpected(Finished.error());
-  return Location;
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
-class MIRDocumentParser final {
-public:
-  MIRDocumentParser(const TargetDescription &Target, std::string SourceName, std::string SourceText,
-                    MIRDocumentParserOptions Options)
-      : Target(Target), Options(std::move(Options)),
-        Result(std::move(SourceName), std::move(SourceText)) {}
-
-  [[nodiscard]] MIRDocumentParseResult run();
-
-private:
-  [[nodiscard]] bool fail(const TextRange &Range, std::string Message,
-                          std::string Category = "mir-yaml");
-  [[nodiscard]] bool importError(const TextRange &Range, const Error &Failure,
-                                 std::string Category = "mir-yaml");
-  [[nodiscard]] const yaml::Node *node(yaml::NodeID ID) const noexcept {
-    return Stream->node(ID);
-  }
-  [[nodiscard]] const yaml::Node *mappingValue(const yaml::Node &Mapping,
-                                               std::string_view Key) const noexcept;
-  [[nodiscard]] bool requireKind(const yaml::Node &Node, yaml::NodeKind Kind,
-                                 std::string_view Description);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool validateKeys(const yaml::Node &Mapping, std::span<const std::string_view> Keys,
-                                  std::string_view Description);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool scalar(const yaml::Node &Node, std::string_view &Value,
-                            std::string_view Description);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool boolean(const yaml::Node &Node, bool &Value);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool unsignedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::uint64_t &Value,
-                                   std::string_view Description);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool signedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::int64_t &Value,
-                                 std::string_view Description);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool alignment(const yaml::Node &Node, Alignment &Value, bool AllowZero);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool physicalRegister(const yaml::Node &Node, PhysicalRegister &Reg);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool physicalRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
-                                      PhysicalRegister &Reg);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool virtualRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
-                                     const MIParserContext &Context, Register &Reg);
-  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataReference>
-  resolveMetadataReference(const MachineFunction &Function, std::uint32_t Slot) const;
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseVariableDebugInfo(const yaml::Node &Entry, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                            MachineVariableDebugInfo &DebugInfo);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFunction(const yaml::Node &Root, MIRDocument &Document);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFunctionScalars(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                          MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool recomputeProperties(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                         const MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseRegisters(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                    MIParserContext &Context);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseMetadata(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                   MIParserContext &Context);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseStackObjects(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                       MIParserContext &Context);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseConstants(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                    MIParserContext &Context);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFrameState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                     const MIParserContext &Context);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool reserveJumpTables(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                       MIParserContext &Context,
-                                       std::vector<PendingJumpTable> &Pending);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool defineJumpTables(MachineFunction &Function,
-                                      std::span<const PendingJumpTable> Pending);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseBody(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                               MIParserContext &Context);
-  [[nodiscard]] TextRange bodyDiagnosticRange(const yaml::Node &Body,
-                                              const TextRange &BodyRange) const noexcept;
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFunctionRecords(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseTargetState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool convertTargetNode(const yaml::Node &Source, MIRTargetNode &Destination);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool validateDocumentReferences(const MachineFunction &Function);
-  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view effectiveDataLayout() const noexcept;
-  [[nodiscard]] LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions pointerLayoutOptions() const noexcept;
-
-  [[nodiscard]] MachineBasicBlock *blockAt(MachineFunction &Function,
-                                           std::uint32_t Number) const noexcept;
-  [[nodiscard]] MachineInstr *instructionAt(MachineFunction &Function, std::uint32_t Block,
-                                            std::uint32_t Offset) const noexcept;
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseBlockReference(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
-                                         MachineFunction &Function, MachineBasicBlock *&Block);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFrameReference(const yaml::Node &Node, const MIParserContext &Context,
-                                         FrameIndex &Index);
-  [[nodiscard]] bool parseSaveRestorePoints(const yaml::Node &Node, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                            std::vector<MachineFrameSaveRestorePoint> &Points);
-
-  const TargetDescription &Target;
-  MIRDocumentParserOptions Options;
-  MIRDocumentParseResult Result;
-  const yaml::Stream *Stream = nullptr;
-  MIRDocument *ActiveDocument = nullptr;
-  MachineFunction *ActiveFunction = nullptr;
-};
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::fail(const TextRange &Range, std::string Message, std::string Category) {
-  if (Result.Diagnostics.empty()) {
-    if (ActiveFunction != nullptr)
-      Message = "function '" + std::string(ActiveFunction->name()) + "': " + std::move(Message);
-    Result.Diagnostics.push_back(TextDiagnostic{
-        .Severity = DiagnosticSeverity::Error,
-        .Category = std::move(Category),
-        .Message = std::move(Message),
-        .SourceName = std::string(Result.Source.name()),
-        .Range = Range,
-    });
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::importError(const TextRange &Range, const Error &Failure,
-                                    std::string Category) {
-  return fail(Range, std::string(Failure.message()), std::move(Category));
-}
-
-const yaml::Node *MIRDocumentParser::mappingValue(const yaml::Node &Mapping,
-                                                  std::string_view Key) const noexcept {
-  const auto Value = Mapping.mappingValue(Key);
-  return Value ? node(*Value) : nullptr;
-}
-
-std::string_view MIRDocumentParser::effectiveDataLayout() const noexcept {
-  if (ActiveDocument != nullptr) {
-    if (const EmbeddedIRReferenceIndex *Embedded = ActiveDocument->embeddedIR()) {
-      if (const auto DataLayout = Embedded->dataLayout())
-        return *DataLayout;
-    }
-  }
-  return Options.DataLayout;
-}
-
-LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions MIRDocumentParser::pointerLayoutOptions() const noexcept {
-  return {
-      .DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits,
-      .DataLayout = effectiveDataLayout(),
-      .NamedTypes = {},
-  };
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::requireKind(const yaml::Node &Node, yaml::NodeKind Kind,
-                                    std::string_view Description) {
-  if (Node.kind() == Kind)
-    return false;
-  return fail(Node.range(), std::string(Description) + " has the wrong YAML node kind");
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::validateKeys(const yaml::Node &Mapping,
-                                     std::span<const std::string_view> Keys,
-                                     std::string_view Description) {
-  for (const yaml::MappingEntry &Entry : Mapping.mapping()) {
-    if (std::ranges::find(Keys, Entry.Key) == Keys.end()) {
-      return fail(Entry.KeyRange,
-                  "unknown " + std::string(Description) + " key '" + Entry.Key + "'");
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::scalar(const yaml::Node &Node, std::string_view &Value,
-                               std::string_view Description) {
-  if (requireKind(Node, yaml::NodeKind::Scalar, Description))
-    return true;
-  Value = Node.scalar();
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::boolean(const yaml::Node &Node, bool &Value) {
-  std::string_view Text;
-  if (scalar(Node, Text, "boolean") || !parseBool(Text, Value))
-    return fail(Node.range(), "expected 'true' or 'false'");
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::unsignedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::uint64_t &Value,
-                                      std::string_view Description) {
-  std::string_view Text;
-  if (scalar(Node, Text, Description) || !parseUnsigned(Text, Value))
-    return fail(Node.range(), "expected " + std::string(Description));
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::signedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::int64_t &Value,
-                                    std::string_view Description) {
-  std::string_view Text;
-  if (scalar(Node, Text, Description) || !parseSigned(Text, Value))
-    return fail(Node.range(), "expected " + std::string(Description));
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::alignment(const yaml::Node &Node, Alignment &Value, bool AllowZero) {
-  std::uint64_t Bytes = 0;
-  if (unsignedValue(Node, Bytes, "an unsigned alignment"))
-    return true;
-  if (Bytes == 0 && AllowZero) {
-    Value = Alignment{};
-    return false;
-  }
-  auto Parsed = Alignment::create(Bytes);
-  if (!Parsed)
-    return importError(Node.range(), Parsed.error());
-  Value = *Parsed;
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::physicalRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
-                                         PhysicalRegister &Reg) {
-  Text = trim(Text);
-  if (!Text.starts_with('$') || Text.size() == 1)
-    return fail(Range, "physical register must use the '$name' MIR spelling");
-  const PhysicalRegisterDesc *Description = Target.registers().physicalRegister(Text.substr(1));
-  if (Description == nullptr)
-    return fail(Range, "unknown physical register '" + std::string(Text) + "'");
-  Reg = Description->Reg;
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::physicalRegister(const yaml::Node &Node, PhysicalRegister &Reg) {
-  std::string_view Text;
-  return scalar(Node, Text, "physical register") || physicalRegister(Text, Node.range(), Reg);
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::virtualRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
-                                        const MIParserContext &Context, Register &Reg) {
-  const auto ID = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%");
-  if (!ID)
-    return fail(Range, "virtual register must use the '%N' MIR spelling");
-  const auto Found =
-      std::ranges::find_if(Context.VirtualRegisters,
-                           [ID](const MIVirtualRegisterSlot &Slot) { return Slot.TextID == *ID; });
-  if (Found == Context.VirtualRegisters.end())
-    return fail(Range, "reference to undefined virtual register '%" + std::to_string(*ID) + "'");
-  Reg = Found->Reg;
-  return false;
-}
-
-Expected<MachineMetadataReference>
-MIRDocumentParser::resolveMetadataReference(const MachineFunction &Function,
-                                            std::uint32_t Slot) const {
-  if (ActiveDocument != nullptr && ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR &&
-      ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->metadata(std::to_string(Slot)) != nullptr) {
-    return MachineMetadataReference::embeddedIR(Slot);
-  }
-  if (Function.metadata().node(Slot) != nullptr)
-    return MachineMetadataReference::machineFunction(Slot);
-  return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
-                        "metadata reference uses undefined slot '!" + std::to_string(Slot) + "'");
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseVariableDebugInfo(const yaml::Node &Entry, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                               MachineVariableDebugInfo &DebugInfo) {
-  const auto Resolve = [this, &Function](std::uint32_t Slot) {
-    return resolveMetadataReference(Function, Slot);
-  };
-  if (const yaml::Node *VariableNode = mappingValue(Entry, "debug-info-variable")) {
-    std::string_view Text;
-    if (scalar(*VariableNode, Text, "debug variable"))
-      return true;
-    if (!Text.empty()) {
-      MetadataTextParser Parser(std::string(Text), Resolve);
-      auto Reference = Parser.parseReferenceOnly();
-      if (!Reference)
-        return importError(VariableNode->range(), Reference.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
-      if (Reference->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
-        return fail(VariableNode->range(),
-                    "debug variable must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata",
-                    "mir-debug-metadata");
-      }
-      DebugInfo.Variable = *Reference;
-    }
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *ExpressionNode = mappingValue(Entry, "debug-info-expression")) {
-    std::string_view Text;
-    if (scalar(*ExpressionNode, Text, "debug expression"))
-      return true;
-    if (!Text.empty()) {
-      MetadataTextParser Parser(std::string(Text), Resolve);
-      auto Value = Parser.parseValue();
-      if (!Value)
-        return importError(ExpressionNode->range(), Value.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
-      if (Value->reference() != nullptr &&
-          Value->reference()->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
-        return fail(ExpressionNode->range(),
-                    "debug expression reference must use embedded LLVM IR metadata",
-                    "mir-debug-metadata");
-      }
-      DebugInfo.Expression = std::move(*Value);
-    }
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *LocationNode = mappingValue(Entry, "debug-info-location")) {
-    std::string_view Text;
-    if (scalar(*LocationNode, Text, "debug location"))
-      return true;
-    if (!Text.empty()) {
-      MetadataTextParser Parser(std::string(Text), Resolve);
-      auto Location = Parser.parseLocation();
-      if (!Location)
-        return importError(LocationNode->range(), Location.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
-      if (Location->reference() != nullptr &&
-          Location->reference()->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
-        return fail(LocationNode->range(),
-                    "variable debug location must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata",
-                    "mir-debug-metadata");
-      }
-      DebugInfo.Location = std::move(*Location);
-    }
-  }
-  if (!DebugInfo.Variable && !DebugInfo.Expression && !DebugInfo.Location)
-    return false;
-  auto Verification = DebugInfo.verifyStructure();
-  if (!Verification)
-    return importError(Entry.range(), Verification.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
-  return false;
-}
-
-MIRDocumentParseResult MIRDocumentParser::run() {
-  yaml::ParseResult YAMLResult = yaml::parse(std::string(Result.Source.name()),
-                                             std::string(Result.Source.text()), Options.YAML);
-  if (!YAMLResult.succeeded()) {
-    const auto Diagnostics = YAMLResult.diagnostics();
-    Result.Diagnostics.assign(Diagnostics.begin(), Diagnostics.end());
-    return std::move(Result);
-  }
-  Stream = YAMLResult.stream();
-  if (Stream == nullptr || Stream->documents().empty()) {
-    static_cast<void>(fail(Result.Source.range(0, 0), "MIR stream contains no YAML documents"));
-    return std::move(Result);
-  }
-
-  MIRDocument Staging;
-  ActiveDocument = &Staging;
-  std::size_t FirstFunction = 0;
-  const yaml::Node *FirstRoot = node(Stream->documents().front().Root);
-  if (FirstRoot != nullptr && FirstRoot->kind() == yaml::NodeKind::Scalar) {
-    EmbeddedIRIndexResult Embedded = indexEmbeddedIR(
-        std::string(Result.Source.name()) + ":embedded-ir", std::string(FirstRoot->scalar()));
-    if (!Embedded.succeeded()) {
-      const auto Diagnostics = Embedded.diagnostics();
-      Result.Diagnostics.assign(Diagnostics.begin(), Diagnostics.end());
-      return std::move(Result);
-    }
-    Staging.EmbeddedIR = std::move(Embedded).takeIndex();
-    FirstFunction = 1;
-  }
-
-  if (const EmbeddedIRReferenceIndex *Embedded = Staging.embeddedIR()) {
-    if (const auto DataLayout = Embedded->dataLayout();
-        DataLayout && !Options.DataLayout.empty() && *DataLayout != Options.DataLayout) {
-      static_cast<void>(fail(Stream->documents().front().Range,
-                             "explicit DataLayout does not match embedded LLVM IR data layout"));
-      return std::move(Result);
-    }
-  }
-  if (!effectiveDataLayout().empty()) {
-    auto PointerSize = llvmPointerSizeInBits(0, pointerLayoutOptions());
-    if (!PointerSize) {
-      static_cast<void>(
-          importError(Stream->documents().front().Range, PointerSize.error(), "mir-data-layout"));
-      return std::move(Result);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (FirstFunction == Stream->documents().size()) {
-    static_cast<void>(fail(Stream->documents().front().Range,
-                           "MIR stream must contain at least one machine function document"));
-    return std::move(Result);
-  }
-
-  for (std::size_t Index = FirstFunction; Index < Stream->documents().size(); ++Index) {
-    const yaml::Node *Root = node(Stream->documents()[Index].Root);
-    if (Root == nullptr || requireKind(*Root, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "machine function") ||
-        parseFunction(*Root, Staging)) {
-      return std::move(Result);
-    }
-  }
-
-  auto UnitResult = Staging.Unit.verify();
-  if (!UnitResult) {
-    static_cast<void>(
-        fail(Stream->documents().back().Range, "parsed compilation unit failed verification: " +
-                                                   std::string(UnitResult.error().message())));
-    return std::move(Result);
-  }
-  ActiveDocument = nullptr;
-  Result.Document = std::move(Staging);
-  return std::move(Result);
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFunctionScalars(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                             MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo) {
-  if (const yaml::Node *AlignNode = mappingValue(Root, "alignment")) {
-    Alignment Align;
-    if (alignment(*AlignNode, Align, true))
-      return true;
-    if (Align.bytes() != 1 || AlignNode->scalar() != "0")
-      Function.attributes().setAlignment(Align);
-  }
-
-  constexpr std::array PropertyBindings{
-      std::pair{"legalized", MachineFunctionProperty::Legalized},
-      std::pair{"regBankSelected", MachineFunctionProperty::RegBankSelected},
-      std::pair{"selected", MachineFunctionProperty::Selected},
-      std::pair{"failedISel", MachineFunctionProperty::FailedISel},
-      std::pair{"tracksRegLiveness", MachineFunctionProperty::TracksLiveness},
-      std::pair{"noPhis", MachineFunctionProperty::NoPHIs},
-      std::pair{"isSSA", MachineFunctionProperty::IsSSA},
-      std::pair{"noVRegs", MachineFunctionProperty::NoVRegs},
-      std::pair{"failsVerification", MachineFunctionProperty::FailsVerification},
-  };
-  for (const auto &[Key, Property] : PropertyBindings) {
-    const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(Root, Key);
-    if (ValueNode == nullptr)
-      continue;
-    bool Value = false;
-    if (boolean(*ValueNode, Value))
-      return true;
-    if (Value)
-      Function.properties().set(Property);
-    else
-      Function.properties().clear(Property);
-    if (Key == std::string_view("noPhis"))
-      DocumentInfo.NoPHIs = Value;
-    else if (Key == std::string_view("isSSA"))
-      DocumentInfo.IsSSA = Value;
-    else if (Key == std::string_view("noVRegs"))
-      DocumentInfo.NoVRegs = Value;
-  }
-
-  constexpr std::array AttributeBindings{
-      std::pair{"exposesReturnsTwice", MachineFunctionAttribute::ExposesReturnsTwice},
-      std::pair{"hasWinCFI", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasWinCFI},
-      std::pair{"hasFakeUses", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasFakeUses},
-      std::pair{"callsEHReturn", MachineFunctionAttribute::CallsEHReturn},
-      std::pair{"callsUnwindInit", MachineFunctionAttribute::CallsUnwindInit},
-      std::pair{"hasEHContTarget", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasEHContTarget},
-      std::pair{"hasEHScopes", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasEHScopes},
-      std::pair{"hasEHFunclets", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasEHFunclets},
-      std::pair{"isOutlined", MachineFunctionAttribute::IsOutlined},
-      std::pair{"debugInstrRef", MachineFunctionAttribute::DebugInstrRef},
-      std::pair{"tracksDebugUserValues", MachineFunctionAttribute::TracksDebugUserValues},
-  };
-  for (const auto &[Key, Attribute] : AttributeBindings) {
-    const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(Root, Key);
-    if (ValueNode == nullptr)
-      continue;
-    bool Value = false;
-    if (boolean(*ValueNode, Value))
-      return true;
-    if (Value)
-      Function.attributes().set(Attribute);
-    else
-      Function.attributes().clear(Attribute);
-    if (Key == std::string_view("hasFakeUses"))
-      DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses = Value;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::recomputeProperties(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                            const MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo) {
-  bool HasPHI = false;
-  bool HasFakeUse = false;
-  bool IsSSA = true;
-  bool HasTiedOperands = false;
-  bool AllTiedOperandsRewritten = true;
-  std::unordered_set<Register> Definitions;
-  for (const MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr;
-       Block = Block->next()) {
-    for (const MachineInstr *Instruction = Block->firstInstruction(); Instruction != nullptr;
-         Instruction = Instruction->next()) {
-      const InstructionDescriptor *Descriptor = Target.instructionDescriptor(Instruction->opcode());
-      if (Descriptor == nullptr)
-        return fail(Root.range(), "instruction has no target descriptor");
-      HasPHI |= Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::Phi);
-      HasFakeUse |= Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::FakeUse);
-      const auto Operands = Instruction->operands();
-      for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Operands.size(); ++Index) {
-        const MachineOperand &Operand = Operands[Index];
-        const auto Reg = Operand.registerValue();
-        if (Reg && Reg->isVirtual() && Operand.isDef() && !Definitions.insert(*Reg).second) {
-          IsSSA = false;
-        }
-        if (!Operand.tiedOperandIndex() || !Operand.isUse())
-          continue;
-        HasTiedOperands = true;
-        const MachineOperand *Definition = Instruction->operandAt(*Operand.tiedOperandIndex());
-        if (Definition == nullptr || Definition->registerValue() != Reg)
-          AllTiedOperandsRewritten = false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  const bool NoPHIs = !HasPHI;
-  const bool NoVRegs =
-      std::ranges::none_of(Function.registerInfo().virtualRegisters(),
-                           [](const VirtualRegisterInfo &Info) { return !Info.IsTombstone; });
-
-  const auto ApplyComputed = [this, &Root, &Function](std::optional<bool> Explicit, bool Computed,
-                                                      MachineFunctionProperty Property,
-                                                      std::string_view Name) -> bool {
-    if (Explicit && *Explicit && !Computed) {
-      return fail(Root.range(), "explicit property '" + std::string(Name) +
-                                    "' conflicts with the parsed machine function");
-    }
-    if (Explicit.value_or(Computed))
-      Function.properties().set(Property);
-    else
-      Function.properties().clear(Property);
-    return false;
-  };
-  if (ApplyComputed(DocumentInfo.NoPHIs, NoPHIs, MachineFunctionProperty::NoPHIs, "noPhis") ||
-      ApplyComputed(DocumentInfo.IsSSA, IsSSA, MachineFunctionProperty::IsSSA, "isSSA") ||
-      ApplyComputed(DocumentInfo.NoVRegs, NoVRegs, MachineFunctionProperty::NoVRegs, "noVRegs")) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses && !*DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses && HasFakeUse) {
-    return fail(Root.range(),
-                "explicit property 'hasFakeUses: false' conflicts with a fake-use instruction");
-  }
-  if (DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses.value_or(HasFakeUse))
-    Function.attributes().set(MachineFunctionAttribute::HasFakeUses);
-  else
-    Function.attributes().clear(MachineFunctionAttribute::HasFakeUses);
-
-  if (HasTiedOperands && AllTiedOperandsRewritten)
-    Function.properties().set(MachineFunctionProperty::TiedOpsRewritten);
-  else
-    Function.properties().clear(MachineFunctionProperty::TiedOpsRewritten);
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseRegisters(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                       MIParserContext &Context) {
-  const yaml::Node *Registers = mappingValue(Root, "registers");
-  if (Registers != nullptr) {
-    if (requireKind(*Registers, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "registers"))
-      return true;
-    constexpr std::array RegisterKeys{
-        std::string_view{"id"},
-        std::string_view{"class"},
-        std::string_view{"preferred-register"},
-        std::string_view{"flags"},
-    };
-    std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
-    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : Registers->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
-      if (Element == nullptr || requireKind(*Element, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "register entry") ||
-          validateKeys(*Element, RegisterKeys, "register")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Element, "id");
-      const yaml::Node *ClassNode = mappingValue(*Element, "class");
-      if (IDNode == nullptr || ClassNode == nullptr)
-        return fail(Element->range(), "register entry requires 'id' and 'class'");
-      std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
-      std::string_view ClassName;
-      if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit virtual-register ID") ||
-          WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max() ||
-          scalar(*ClassNode, ClassName, "register class or bank")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
-      if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
-        return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate virtual register ID");
-      auto Created = Function.registerInfo().createVirtualRegister();
-      if (!Created)
-        return importError(IDNode->range(), Created.error());
-      Context.VirtualRegisters.push_back({TextID, *Created});
-
-      if (ClassName != "_") {
-        if (const RegisterClassDesc *Class = Target.registers().registerClass(ClassName)) {
-          auto SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterClass(*Created, Class->ID);
-          if (!SetResult)
-            return importError(ClassNode->range(), SetResult.error());
-        } else if (const RegisterBankDesc *Bank = Target.registers().registerBank(ClassName)) {
-          auto SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterBank(*Created, Bank->ID);
-          if (!SetResult)
-            return importError(ClassNode->range(), SetResult.error());
-        } else {
-          return fail(ClassNode->range(),
-                      "unknown register class or bank '" + std::string(ClassName) + "'");
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (const yaml::Node *Preferred = mappingValue(*Element, "preferred-register")) {
-        PhysicalRegister Reg;
-        if (physicalRegister(*Preferred, Reg))
-          return true;
-        auto AddResult = Function.registerInfo().addAllocationHint(*Created, Reg);
-        if (!AddResult)
-          return importError(Preferred->range(), AddResult.error());
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *Flags = mappingValue(*Element, "flags")) {
-        if (requireKind(*Flags, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "virtual-register flags"))
-          return true;
-        std::uint8_t Mask = 0;
-        for (const yaml::NodeID FlagID : Flags->sequence()) {
-          const yaml::Node *FlagNode = node(FlagID);
-          std::string_view Name;
-          if (FlagNode == nullptr || scalar(*FlagNode, Name, "virtual-register flag"))
-            return true;
-          const auto Flag = Target.mirText().virtualRegisterFlag(Name);
-          if (!Flag)
-            return fail(FlagNode->range(),
-                        "unknown virtual-register flag '" + std::string(Name) + "'");
-          if ((Mask & *Flag) != 0)
-            return fail(FlagNode->range(), "duplicate virtual-register flag");
-          Mask = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(Mask | *Flag);
-        }
-        auto SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setTargetRegisterFlags(*Created, Mask);
-        if (!SetResult)
-          return importError(Flags->range(), SetResult.error());
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  const yaml::Node *LiveIns = mappingValue(Root, "liveins");
-  if (LiveIns != nullptr) {
-    if (requireKind(*LiveIns, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "liveins"))
-      return true;
-    constexpr std::array LiveInKeys{
-        std::string_view{"reg"},
-        std::string_view{"virtual-reg"},
-    };
-    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : LiveIns->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
-      if (Element == nullptr || requireKind(*Element, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "live-in entry") ||
-          validateKeys(*Element, LiveInKeys, "live-in")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const yaml::Node *RegNode = mappingValue(*Element, "reg");
-      if (RegNode == nullptr)
-        return fail(Element->range(), "live-in entry requires 'reg'");
-      PhysicalRegister Reg;
-      if (physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
-        return true;
-      std::optional<Register> Initial;
-      if (const yaml::Node *VirtualNode = mappingValue(*Element, "virtual-reg")) {
-        std::string_view Text;
-        Register Virtual;
-        if (scalar(*VirtualNode, Text, "virtual register") ||
-            virtualRegister(Text, VirtualNode->range(), Context, Virtual)) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        Initial = Virtual;
-      }
-      auto AddResult = Function.registerInfo().addLiveIn(Reg, Initial);
-      if (!AddResult)
-        return importError(Element->range(), AddResult.error());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *CalleeSaved = mappingValue(Root, "calleeSavedRegisters")) {
-    if (requireKind(*CalleeSaved, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "callee-saved registers"))
-      return true;
-    std::vector<PhysicalRegister> RegistersValue;
-    for (const yaml::NodeID RegID : CalleeSaved->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *RegNode = node(RegID);
-      PhysicalRegister Reg;
-      if (RegNode == nullptr || physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
-        return true;
-      RegistersValue.push_back(Reg);
-    }
-    auto SetResult = Function.records().setCalleeSavedRegisters(std::move(RegistersValue));
-    if (!SetResult)
-      return importError(CalleeSaved->range(), SetResult.error());
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseMetadata(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                      MIParserContext &Context) {
-  if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR) {
-    for (const EmbeddedIRMetadataDefinition &Reference :
-         ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->metadataDefinitions()) {
-      std::uint32_t ID = 0;
-      if (!parseUnsigned32(Reference.Name, ID))
-        continue;
-      if (std::ranges::any_of(Context.Metadata,
-                              [ID](const MIMetadataSlot &Slot) { return Slot.TextID == ID; })) {
-        return fail(Root.range(), "embedded LLVM IR metadata slots are not unique");
-      }
-      Context.Metadata.push_back(
-          {.TextID = ID, .Reference = MachineMetadataReference::embeddedIR(ID)});
-    }
-  }
-
-  const yaml::Node *Metadata = mappingValue(Root, "machineMetadataNodes");
-  if (Metadata == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  if (requireKind(*Metadata, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "machine metadata nodes"))
-    return true;
-
-  struct Definition final {
-    const yaml::Node *Node = nullptr;
-    std::uint32_t Slot = 0;
-    bool IsDistinct = false;
-    std::string_view Elements;
-  };
-  std::vector<Definition> Definitions;
-  std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> Slots;
-
-  for (const yaml::NodeID DefinitionID : Metadata->sequence()) {
-    const yaml::Node *DefinitionNode = node(DefinitionID);
-    std::string_view Text;
-    if (DefinitionNode == nullptr || scalar(*DefinitionNode, Text, "machine metadata definition")) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    Text = trim(Text);
-    if (!Text.starts_with('!'))
-      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata definition must start with '!N'");
-    const std::size_t Equals = Text.find('=');
-    if (Equals == std::string_view::npos)
-      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata definition requires '='");
-    std::uint32_t Slot = 0;
-    if (!parseUnsigned32(trim(Text.substr(1, Equals - 1)), Slot))
-      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata definition has an invalid slot");
-    if (!Slots.insert(Slot).second)
-      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "duplicate machine metadata slot");
-    std::string_view Right = trim(Text.substr(Equals + 1));
-    bool IsDistinct = false;
-    if (Right.starts_with("distinct")) {
-      Right = trim(Right.substr(std::string_view("distinct").size()));
-      IsDistinct = true;
-    }
-    if (!Right.starts_with("!{") || !Right.ends_with('}'))
-      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata node must be a metadata tuple");
-    Definitions.push_back({.Node = DefinitionNode,
-                           .Slot = Slot,
-                           .IsDistinct = IsDistinct,
-                           .Elements = Right.substr(2, Right.size() - 3)});
-    Context.Metadata.push_back(
-        {.TextID = Slot, .Reference = MachineMetadataReference::machineFunction(Slot)});
-  }
-
-  auto ResolveReference = [this,
-                           &Slots](std::uint32_t Slot,
-                                   const TextRange &Range) -> Expected<MachineMetadataElement> {
-    MachineMetadataReference Reference;
-    if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR != std::nullopt &&
-        ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->metadata(std::to_string(Slot)) != nullptr) {
-      Reference = MachineMetadataReference::embeddedIR(Slot);
-    } else if (Slots.contains(Slot)) {
-      Reference = MachineMetadataReference::machineFunction(Slot);
-    } else {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "metadata tuple references undefined slot '!" +
-                                                       std::to_string(Slot) + "' at line " +
-                                                       std::to_string(Range.Begin.Line));
-    }
-    return MachineMetadataElement::reference(Reference);
-  };
-
-  for (const Definition &Definition : Definitions) {
-    MachineMetadataNode NewNode{
-        .Slot = Definition.Slot,
-        .IsDistinct = Definition.IsDistinct,
-        .Elements = {},
-    };
-    std::string_view Remaining = trim(Definition.Elements);
-    while (!Remaining.empty()) {
-      std::size_t End = 0;
-      bool InString = false;
-      bool Escaped = false;
-      for (; End < Remaining.size(); ++End) {
-        const char Character = Remaining[End];
-        if (InString && Escaped) {
-          Escaped = false;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (InString && Character == '\\') {
-          Escaped = true;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (Character == '"') {
-          InString = !InString;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (!InString && Character == ',')
-          break;
-      }
-      if (InString)
-        return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "unterminated machine metadata string");
-      std::string_view Element = trim(Remaining.substr(0, End));
-      if (Element.empty())
-        return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "empty machine metadata tuple element");
-
-      if (Element == "null") {
-        NewNode.Elements.push_back(MachineMetadataElement::null());
-      } else if (Element.starts_with('!') && Element.size() > 1 && Element[1] >= '0' &&
-                 Element[1] <= '9') {
-        std::uint32_t ReferenceSlot = 0;
-        if (!parseUnsigned32(Element.substr(1), ReferenceSlot))
-          return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "invalid metadata tuple reference");
-        auto Reference = ResolveReference(ReferenceSlot, Definition.Node->range());
-        if (!Reference)
-          return importError(Definition.Node->range(), Reference.error());
-        NewNode.Elements.push_back(std::move(*Reference));
-      } else if (Element.starts_with("!\"") && Element.ends_with('"')) {
-        std::string Value;
-        std::string_view Encoded = Element.substr(2, Element.size() - 3);
-        for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Encoded.size(); ++Index) {
-          if (Encoded[Index] == '\\' && Index + 1 < Encoded.size()) {
-            const char EscapedCharacter = Encoded[++Index];
-            if (EscapedCharacter != '\\' && EscapedCharacter != '"')
-              return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "unsupported machine metadata string escape");
-            Value.push_back(EscapedCharacter);
-          } else {
-            Value.push_back(Encoded[Index]);
-          }
-        }
-        NewNode.Elements.push_back(MachineMetadataElement::string(std::move(Value)));
-      } else {
-        return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "unsupported machine metadata tuple element");
-      }
-
-      if (End == Remaining.size())
-        Remaining = {};
-      else
-        Remaining = trim(Remaining.substr(End + 1));
-    }
-    auto AddResult = Function.metadata().addNode(std::move(NewNode));
-    if (!AddResult)
-      return importError(Definition.Node->range(), AddResult.error());
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseStackObjects(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                          MIParserContext &Context) {
-  auto ParseList = [this, &Function, &Context](const yaml::Node &List, bool Fixed) -> bool {
-    if (requireKind(List, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence,
-                    Fixed ? "fixed stack objects" : "stack objects")) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    constexpr std::array FixedKeys{
-        std::string_view{"id"},
-        std::string_view{"type"},
-        std::string_view{"offset"},
-        std::string_view{"size"},
-        std::string_view{"alignment"},
-        std::string_view{"stack-id"},
-        std::string_view{"isImmutable"},
-        std::string_view{"isAliased"},
-        std::string_view{"callee-saved-register"},
-        std::string_view{"callee-saved-restored"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-variable"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-expression"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-location"},
-    };
-    constexpr std::array StackKeys{
-        std::string_view{"id"},
-        std::string_view{"name"},
-        std::string_view{"type"},
-        std::string_view{"offset"},
-        std::string_view{"size"},
-        std::string_view{"alignment"},
-        std::string_view{"stack-id"},
-        std::string_view{"callee-saved-register"},
-        std::string_view{"callee-saved-restored"},
-        std::string_view{"local-offset"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-variable"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-expression"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-location"},
-    };
-    std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
-    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : List.sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
-      if (Element == nullptr || requireKind(*Element, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "stack object") ||
-          (Fixed ? validateKeys(*Element, FixedKeys, "fixed stack object")
-                 : validateKeys(*Element, StackKeys, "stack object"))) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Element, "id");
-      if (IDNode == nullptr)
-        return fail(Element->range(), "stack object requires 'id'");
-      std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
-      if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit stack object ID") ||
-          WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
-      if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
-        return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate stack object ID");
-
-      StackObjectDesc Description;
-      Description.Kind = Fixed ? StackObjectKind::FixedABI : StackObjectKind::Default;
-      Description.Offset = 0;
-      if (const yaml::Node *NameNode = mappingValue(*Element, "name")) {
-        std::string_view Name;
-        if (scalar(*NameNode, Name, "stack object name") || Name.empty())
-          return fail(NameNode->range(), "stack object name cannot be empty");
-        Description.AllocaName = std::string(Name);
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *TypeNode = mappingValue(*Element, "type")) {
-        std::string_view Type;
-        if (scalar(*TypeNode, Type, "stack object type"))
-          return true;
-        if (Type == "default")
-          Description.Kind = Fixed ? StackObjectKind::FixedABI : StackObjectKind::Default;
-        else if (Type == "spill-slot")
-          Description.Kind = Fixed ? StackObjectKind::FixedSpillSlot : StackObjectKind::SpillSlot;
-        else if (!Fixed && Type == "variable-sized")
-          Description.Kind = StackObjectKind::VariableSized;
-        else
-          return fail(TypeNode->range(), "unknown stack object type '" + std::string(Type) + "'");
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *OffsetNode = mappingValue(*Element, "offset")) {
-        std::int64_t Offset = 0;
-        if (signedValue(*OffsetNode, Offset, "a signed stack object offset"))
-          return true;
-        Description.Offset = Offset;
-      } else if (Fixed) {
-        Description.Offset = 0;
-      }
-      if (Description.Kind != StackObjectKind::VariableSized) {
-        const yaml::Node *SizeNode = mappingValue(*Element, "size");
-        if (SizeNode == nullptr) {
-          if (!Fixed)
-            return fail(Element->range(), "fixed-size stack object requires 'size'");
-          Description.Size = 0;
-        } else {
-          std::uint64_t Size = 0;
-          if (unsignedValue(*SizeNode, Size, "an unsigned stack object size"))
-            return true;
-          Description.Size = Size;
-        }
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *AlignmentNode = mappingValue(*Element, "alignment")) {
-        if (alignment(*AlignmentNode, Description.Align, true))
-          return true;
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *StackIDNode = mappingValue(*Element, "stack-id")) {
-        std::string_view Name;
-        if (scalar(*StackIDNode, Name, "stack ID"))
-          return true;
-        const auto Stack = parseStackIDName(Name);
-        if (!Stack)
-          return fail(StackIDNode->range(), "unknown stack ID '" + std::string(Name) + "'");
-        Description.Stack = *Stack;
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *ImmutableNode = mappingValue(*Element, "isImmutable")) {
-        if (boolean(*ImmutableNode, Description.IsImmutable))
-          return true;
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *AliasedNode = mappingValue(*Element, "isAliased")) {
-        if (boolean(*AliasedNode, Description.IsAliased))
-          return true;
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *SavedNode = mappingValue(*Element, "callee-saved-register")) {
-        PhysicalRegister Reg;
-        if (physicalRegister(*SavedNode, Reg))
-          return true;
-        Description.CalleeSavedRegister = Reg;
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *RestoredNode = mappingValue(*Element, "callee-saved-restored")) {
-        if (boolean(*RestoredNode, Description.CalleeSavedRestored))
-          return true;
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *LocalNode = mappingValue(*Element, "local-offset")) {
-        std::int64_t Offset = 0;
-        if (signedValue(*LocalNode, Offset, "a signed local frame offset"))
-          return true;
-        Description.LocalOffset = Offset;
-      }
-      MachineVariableDebugInfo DebugInfo;
-      if (parseVariableDebugInfo(*Element, Function, DebugInfo))
-        return true;
-      if (DebugInfo.Variable || DebugInfo.Expression || DebugInfo.Location)
-        Description.DebugInfo = std::move(DebugInfo);
-
-      auto Created = Function.frameInfo().createObject(std::move(Description));
-      if (!Created)
-        return importError(Element->range(), Created.error());
-      MIFrameObjectSlot Slot{
-          .TextID = TextID,
-          .Index = *Created,
-          .Name = std::nullopt,
-      };
-      if (const StackObjectDesc *CreatedDescription =
-              Function.frameInfo().object(*Created)->description();
-          CreatedDescription != nullptr && CreatedDescription->AllocaName) {
-        Slot.Name = *CreatedDescription->AllocaName;
-      }
-      (Fixed ? Context.FixedStackObjects : Context.StackObjects).push_back(std::move(Slot));
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *Fixed = mappingValue(Root, "fixedStack")) {
-    if (ParseList(*Fixed, true))
-      return true;
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Stack = mappingValue(Root, "stack")) {
-    if (ParseList(*Stack, false))
-      return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseConstants(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                       MIParserContext &Context) {
-  const yaml::Node *Constants = mappingValue(Root, "constants");
-  if (Constants == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  if (requireKind(*Constants, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "constant pool"))
-    return true;
-  constexpr std::array Keys{
-      std::string_view{"id"},
-      std::string_view{"value"},
-      std::string_view{"alignment"},
-      std::string_view{"isTargetSpecific"},
-  };
-  std::vector<LLVMNamedTypeDefinition> NamedTypes;
-  const std::string_view DataLayout = effectiveDataLayout();
-  if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR) {
-    const auto Definitions = ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->typeDefinitions();
-    NamedTypes.reserve(Definitions.size());
-    for (const EmbeddedIRTypeDefinition &Definition : Definitions) {
-      NamedTypes.push_back({.Name = Definition.Name,
-                            .Definition = Definition.Definition,
-                            .NumericName = Definition.NumericName});
-    }
-  }
-  std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
-  for (const yaml::NodeID ConstantID : Constants->sequence()) {
-    const yaml::Node *Constant = node(ConstantID);
-    if (Constant == nullptr ||
-        requireKind(*Constant, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "constant pool entry") ||
-        validateKeys(*Constant, Keys, "constant pool entry")) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "id");
-    const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "value");
-    if (IDNode == nullptr || ValueNode == nullptr)
-      return fail(Constant->range(), "constant pool entry requires 'id' and 'value'");
-    std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
-    if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit constant pool ID") ||
-        WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
-    if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
-      return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate constant pool ID");
-
-    bool IsTargetSpecific = false;
-    if (const yaml::Node *TargetNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "isTargetSpecific")) {
-      if (boolean(*TargetNode, IsTargetSpecific))
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (IsTargetSpecific) {
-      std::string_view ValueText;
-      if (scalar(*ValueNode, ValueText, "target constant"))
-        return true;
-      auto TargetConstantValue = Target.mirText().parseTargetConstant(ValueText);
-      if (!TargetConstantValue)
-        return importError(ValueNode->range(), TargetConstantValue.error(), "mir-target-constant");
-      auto Emission = TargetConstantValue->emit();
-      if (!Emission)
-        return importError(ValueNode->range(), Emission.error(), "mir-target-constant");
-      auto RequiredAlignment = TargetConstantValue->requiredAlignment();
-      if (!RequiredAlignment)
-        return importError(ValueNode->range(), RequiredAlignment.error(), "mir-target-constant");
-
-      MachineConstantPoolEntryDesc Description;
-      Description.Size = Emission->Bytes.size();
-      Description.Align = *RequiredAlignment;
-      Description.Value = std::move(*TargetConstantValue);
-      if (const yaml::Node *AlignmentNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "alignment")) {
-        if (alignment(*AlignmentNode, Description.Align, true))
-          return true;
-      }
-      auto Added = Function.constantPool().addEntry(std::move(Description));
-      if (!Added)
-        return importError(Constant->range(), Added.error());
-      Context.ConstantPoolItems.push_back({.TextID = TextID, .Index = *Added});
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    std::string_view ValueText;
-    if (scalar(*ValueNode, ValueText, "LLVM constant"))
-      return true;
-    const LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions ConstantOptions{
-        .DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Context.DefaultPointerSizeInBits,
-        .DataLayout = DataLayout,
-        .NamedTypes = NamedTypes,
-    };
-    auto Data = parseLLVMConstant(trim(ValueText), ConstantOptions);
-    if (!Data)
-      return importError(ValueNode->range(), Data.error(), "mir-llvm-constant");
-    auto Size = llvmConstantStorageSize(Data->Type, ConstantOptions);
-    if (!Size)
-      return importError(ValueNode->range(), Size.error(), "mir-llvm-constant");
-
-    MachineConstantPoolEntryDesc Description;
-    Description.Size = *Size;
-    Description.Value = std::move(*Data);
-    if (const yaml::Node *AlignmentNode = mappingValue(*Constant, "alignment")) {
-      if (alignment(*AlignmentNode, Description.Align, true))
-        return true;
-    } else {
-      auto Preferred = llvmConstantPreferredAlignment(
-          std::get<GenericConstantData>(Description.Value).Type, ConstantOptions);
-      if (!Preferred)
-        return importError(ValueNode->range(), Preferred.error(), "mir-llvm-constant");
-      Description.Align = *Preferred;
-    }
-    auto Added = Function.constantPool().addEntry(std::move(Description));
-    if (!Added)
-      return importError(Constant->range(), Added.error());
-    Context.ConstantPoolItems.push_back({.TextID = TextID, .Index = *Added});
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFrameReference(const yaml::Node &Node, const MIParserContext &Context,
-                                            FrameIndex &Index) {
-  std::string_view Text;
-  if (scalar(Node, Text, "frame index"))
-    return true;
-  bool Fixed = false;
-  std::optional<std::uint32_t> ID = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%stack.");
-  if (!ID) {
-    ID = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%fixed-stack.");
-    Fixed = true;
-  }
-  if (!ID)
-    return fail(Node.range(), "frame index must use '%stack.N' or '%fixed-stack.N'");
-  const auto &Slots = Fixed ? Context.FixedStackObjects : Context.StackObjects;
-  const auto Found = std::ranges::find_if(
-      Slots, [ID](const MIFrameObjectSlot &Slot) { return Slot.TextID == *ID; });
-  if (Found == Slots.end())
-    return fail(Node.range(), "reference to undefined frame object");
-  Index = Found->Index;
-  return false;
-}
-
-MachineBasicBlock *MIRDocumentParser::blockAt(MachineFunction &Function,
-                                              std::uint32_t Number) const noexcept {
-  for (MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr; Block = Block->next()) {
-    if (Block->denseNumber() == Number)
-      return Block;
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-MachineInstr *MIRDocumentParser::instructionAt(MachineFunction &Function, std::uint32_t BlockNumber,
-                                               std::uint32_t Offset) const noexcept {
-  MachineBasicBlock *Block = blockAt(Function, BlockNumber);
-  if (Block == nullptr)
-    return nullptr;
-  MachineInstr *Instruction = Block->firstInstruction();
-  for (std::uint32_t Index = 0; Instruction != nullptr && Index < Offset; ++Index)
-    Instruction = Instruction->next();
-  return Instruction;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseBlockReference(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
-                                            MachineFunction &Function, MachineBasicBlock *&Block) {
-  const auto Number = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%bb.");
-  if (!Number)
-    return fail(Range, "basic block reference must use the '%bb.N' MIR spelling");
-  Block = blockAt(Function, *Number);
-  if (Block == nullptr)
-    return fail(Range, "reference to undefined machine basic block");
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseSaveRestorePoints(const yaml::Node &Node, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                               std::vector<MachineFrameSaveRestorePoint> &Points) {
-  if (requireKind(Node, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "frame save/restore points"))
-    return true;
-  constexpr std::array Keys{
-      std::string_view{"point"},
-      std::string_view{"registers"},
-  };
-  for (const yaml::NodeID PointID : Node.sequence()) {
-    const yaml::Node *PointNode = node(PointID);
-    if (PointNode == nullptr ||
-        requireKind(*PointNode, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "frame save/restore point") ||
-        validateKeys(*PointNode, Keys, "frame save/restore point")) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    const yaml::Node *BlockNode = mappingValue(*PointNode, "point");
-    if (BlockNode == nullptr)
-      return fail(PointNode->range(), "frame save/restore point requires 'point'");
-    std::string_view BlockText;
-    MachineBasicBlock *Block = nullptr;
-    if (scalar(*BlockNode, BlockText, "basic block reference") ||
-        parseBlockReference(BlockText, BlockNode->range(), Function, Block)) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    MachineFrameSaveRestorePoint Point{.Block = Block->stableID(), .Registers = {}};
-    if (const yaml::Node *RegistersNode = mappingValue(*PointNode, "registers")) {
-      if (requireKind(*RegistersNode, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "save/restore point registers")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      for (const yaml::NodeID RegID : RegistersNode->sequence()) {
-        const yaml::Node *RegNode = node(RegID);
-        PhysicalRegister Reg;
-        if (RegNode == nullptr || physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
-          return true;
-        Point.Registers.push_back(Reg);
-      }
-    }
-    Points.push_back(std::move(Point));
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFrameState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                        const MIParserContext &Context) {
-  const yaml::Node *Frame = mappingValue(Root, "frameInfo");
-  if (Frame == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  if (requireKind(*Frame, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "frameInfo"))
-    return true;
-  constexpr std::array Keys{
-      std::string_view{"isFrameAddressTaken"},
-      std::string_view{"isReturnAddressTaken"},
-      std::string_view{"hasStackMap"},
-      std::string_view{"hasPatchPoint"},
-      std::string_view{"stackSize"},
-      std::string_view{"offsetAdjustment"},
-      std::string_view{"maxAlignment"},
-      std::string_view{"adjustsStack"},
-      std::string_view{"hasCalls"},
-      std::string_view{"framePointerPolicy"},
-      std::string_view{"stackProtector"},
-      std::string_view{"functionContext"},
-      std::string_view{"maxCallFrameSize"},
-      std::string_view{"cvBytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters"},
-      std::string_view{"hasOpaqueSPAdjustment"},
-      std::string_view{"hasVAStart"},
-      std::string_view{"hasMustTailInVarArgFunc"},
-      std::string_view{"hasTailCall"},
-      std::string_view{"isCalleeSavedInfoValid"},
-      std::string_view{"localFrameSize"},
-      std::string_view{"savePoint"},
-      std::string_view{"restorePoint"},
-  };
-  if (validateKeys(*Frame, Keys, "frameInfo"))
-    return true;
-
-  MachineFrameState State = Function.frameInfo().state();
-  const std::array BoolBindings{
-      std::pair{"isFrameAddressTaken", &State.IsFrameAddressTaken},
-      std::pair{"isReturnAddressTaken", &State.IsReturnAddressTaken},
-      std::pair{"hasStackMap", &State.HasStackMap},
-      std::pair{"hasPatchPoint", &State.HasPatchPoint},
-      std::pair{"adjustsStack", &State.AdjustsStack},
-      std::pair{"hasCalls", &State.HasCalls},
-      std::pair{"hasOpaqueSPAdjustment", &State.HasOpaqueSPAdjustment},
-      std::pair{"hasVAStart", &State.HasVAStart},
-      std::pair{"hasMustTailInVarArgFunc", &State.HasMustTailInVarArgFunc},
-      std::pair{"hasTailCall", &State.HasTailCall},
-      std::pair{"isCalleeSavedInfoValid", &State.IsCalleeSavedInfoValid},
-  };
-  for (const auto &[Key, Destination] : BoolBindings) {
-    if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, Key)) {
-      if (boolean(*Value, *Destination))
-        return true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "stackSize")) {
-    if (unsignedValue(*Value, State.StackSize, "an unsigned stack size"))
-      return true;
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "offsetAdjustment")) {
-    std::int64_t Wide = 0;
-    if (signedValue(*Value, Wide, "a 32-bit signed offset adjustment") ||
-        Wide < std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min() ||
-        Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max()) {
-      return fail(Value->range(), "offset adjustment is outside the 32-bit signed range");
-    }
-    State.OffsetAdjustment = static_cast<std::int32_t>(Wide);
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "maxAlignment")) {
-    std::uint64_t Bytes = 0;
-    if (unsignedValue(*Value, Bytes, "an unsigned maximum alignment"))
-      return true;
-    if (Bytes == 0) {
-      State.MaxAlignment.reset();
-    } else {
-      auto Parsed = Alignment::create(Bytes);
-      if (!Parsed)
-        return importError(Value->range(), Parsed.error());
-      State.MaxAlignment = *Parsed;
-    }
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "framePointerPolicy")) {
-    std::string_view Name;
-    if (scalar(*Value, Name, "frame-pointer policy"))
-      return true;
-    const auto Policy = parseMachineFramePointerPolicy(Name);
-    if (!Policy)
-      return fail(Value->range(), "unknown frame-pointer policy '" + std::string(Name) + "'");
-    State.FramePointerPolicy = *Policy;
-  }
-  for (const auto &[Key, Destination] : {std::pair{"stackProtector", &State.StackProtector},
-                                         std::pair{"functionContext", &State.FunctionContext}}) {
-    if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, Key)) {
-      FrameIndex Index;
-      if (parseFrameReference(*Value, Context, Index))
-        return true;
-      *Destination = Index;
-    }
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "maxCallFrameSize")) {
-    std::uint64_t Size = 0;
-    if (unsignedValue(*Value, Size, "a 32-bit unsigned maximum call-frame size") ||
-        Size > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-      return fail(Value->range(), "maximum call-frame size is outside the 32-bit unsigned range");
-    }
-    State.MaxCallFrameSize = Size;
-  }
-  for (const auto &[Key, Destination] :
-       {std::pair{"cvBytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters", &State.CVBytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters},
-        std::pair{"localFrameSize", &State.LocalFrameSize}}) {
-    if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, Key)) {
-      std::uint64_t Wide = 0;
-      if (unsignedValue(*Value, Wide, "a 32-bit unsigned frame value") ||
-          Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-        return fail(Value->range(), "frame value is outside the 32-bit unsigned range");
-      }
-      *Destination = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Wide);
-    }
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "savePoint")) {
-    if (parseSaveRestorePoints(*Value, Function, State.SavePoints))
-      return true;
-  }
-  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "restorePoint")) {
-    if (parseSaveRestorePoints(*Value, Function, State.RestorePoints))
-      return true;
-  }
-  auto StateResult = Function.frameInfo().setState(std::move(State));
-  if (!StateResult)
-    return importError(Frame->range(), StateResult.error());
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::reserveJumpTables(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                          MIParserContext &Context,
-                                          std::vector<PendingJumpTable> &Pending) {
-  const yaml::Node *JumpTable = mappingValue(Root, "jumpTable");
-  if (JumpTable == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  if (requireKind(*JumpTable, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "jump table"))
-    return true;
-  constexpr std::array JumpTableKeys{
-      std::string_view{"kind"},
-      std::string_view{"entries"},
-  };
-  if (validateKeys(*JumpTable, JumpTableKeys, "jump table"))
-    return true;
-  const yaml::Node *KindNode = mappingValue(*JumpTable, "kind");
-  if (KindNode == nullptr)
-    return fail(JumpTable->range(), "jump table requires 'kind'");
-  std::string_view KindName;
-  if (scalar(*KindNode, KindName, "jump table kind"))
-    return true;
-
-  JumpTableEntryEncoding Encoding;
-  std::uint8_t EntrySize = 8;
-  if (KindName == "block-address")
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::BlockAddress;
-  else if (KindName == "gp-rel64-block-address")
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::GPRelative64BlockAddress;
-  else if (KindName == "gp-rel32-block-address") {
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::GPRelative32BlockAddress;
-    EntrySize = 4;
-  } else if (KindName == "label-difference32") {
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::LabelDifference32;
-    EntrySize = 4;
-  } else if (KindName == "label-difference64")
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::LabelDifference64;
-  else if (KindName == "inline") {
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::Inline;
-    EntrySize = 4;
-  } else if (KindName == "custom32") {
-    Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::Custom32;
-    EntrySize = 4;
-  } else {
-    return fail(KindNode->range(), "unknown jump table kind '" + std::string(KindName) + "'");
-  }
-
-  const yaml::Node *Entries = mappingValue(*JumpTable, "entries");
-  if (Entries == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  if (requireKind(*Entries, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "jump table entries"))
-    return true;
-  constexpr std::array EntryKeys{
-      std::string_view{"id"},
-      std::string_view{"blocks"},
-  };
-  std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
-  for (const yaml::NodeID EntryID : Entries->sequence()) {
-    const yaml::Node *Entry = node(EntryID);
-    if (Entry == nullptr || requireKind(*Entry, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "jump table entry") ||
-        validateKeys(*Entry, EntryKeys, "jump table entry")) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "id");
-    if (IDNode == nullptr)
-      return fail(Entry->range(), "jump table entry requires 'id'");
-    std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
-    if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit jump table ID") ||
-        WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
-    if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
-      return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate jump table ID");
-    auto Reserved = Function.jumpTableInfo().reserveTable();
-    if (!Reserved)
-      return importError(Entry->range(), Reserved.error());
-    PendingJumpTable NewPending{
-        .Index = *Reserved,
-        .TextID = TextID,
-        .Encoding = Encoding,
-        .EntrySize = EntrySize,
-        .Blocks = {},
-    };
-    if (const yaml::Node *Blocks = mappingValue(*Entry, "blocks")) {
-      if (requireKind(*Blocks, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "jump table blocks"))
-        return true;
-      for (const yaml::NodeID BlockID : Blocks->sequence()) {
-        const yaml::Node *BlockNode = node(BlockID);
-        std::string_view Text;
-        if (BlockNode == nullptr || scalar(*BlockNode, Text, "basic block reference"))
-          return true;
-        NewPending.Blocks.emplace_back(Text);
-      }
-    }
-    if (NewPending.Blocks.empty())
-      return fail(Entry->range(), "jump table entry must contain at least one block");
-    Context.JumpTables.push_back({.TextID = TextID, .Index = *Reserved});
-    Pending.push_back(std::move(NewPending));
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::defineJumpTables(MachineFunction &Function,
-                                         std::span<const PendingJumpTable> Pending) {
-  for (const PendingJumpTable &Table : Pending) {
-    MachineJumpTableDesc Description;
-    Description.Encoding = Table.Encoding;
-    Description.EntrySize = Table.EntrySize;
-    Description.Align = *Alignment::create(Table.EntrySize);
-    for (const std::string &Text : Table.Blocks) {
-      MachineBasicBlock *Block = nullptr;
-      if (parseBlockReference(Text, Result.Source.range(0, 0), Function, Block))
-        return true;
-      Description.Targets.push_back(Block);
-    }
-    auto DefineResult =
-        Function.jumpTableInfo().defineReservedTable(Table.Index, std::move(Description));
-    if (!DefineResult)
-      return importError(Result.Source.range(0, 0), DefineResult.error());
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-TextRange MIRDocumentParser::bodyDiagnosticRange(const yaml::Node &Body,
-                                                 const TextRange &BodyRange) const noexcept {
-  if (Body.scalarStyle() != yaml::ScalarStyle::Literal)
-    return Body.range();
-
-  const std::size_t FirstBodyLine = Body.range().Begin.Line + 1U;
-  const std::size_t LastBodyLine = Body.range().End.Line;
-  if (FirstBodyLine > LastBodyLine || FirstBodyLine == 0)
-    return Body.range();
-
-  std::size_t Indent = 0;
-  bool FoundContent = false;
-  for (std::size_t Line = FirstBodyLine; Line <= LastBodyLine; ++Line) {
-    const std::string_view Text = Result.Source.line(Line);
-    std::size_t CurrentIndent = 0;
-    while (CurrentIndent < Text.size() && Text[CurrentIndent] == ' ')
-      ++CurrentIndent;
-    if (CurrentIndent == Text.size())
-      continue;
-    Indent = CurrentIndent;
-    FoundContent = true;
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!FoundContent)
-    return Body.range();
-
-  const TextPosition Fallback = Body.range().Begin;
-  const auto MapPosition = [this, FirstBodyLine, LastBodyLine, Indent,
-                            Fallback](TextPosition Position) {
-    const std::size_t SourceLine = FirstBodyLine + Position.Line - 1U;
-    if (Position.Line == 0 || SourceLine > LastBodyLine || SourceLine > Result.Source.lineCount()) {
-      return Fallback;
-    }
-    const std::string_view SourceLineText = Result.Source.line(SourceLine);
-    const std::size_t BodyColumn = Position.Column == 0 ? 0 : Position.Column - 1U;
-    const std::size_t SourceColumn = std::min(Indent + BodyColumn, SourceLineText.size());
-    const std::size_t Offset = Result.Source.lineOffsets()[SourceLine - 1U] + SourceColumn;
-    return Result.Source.positionAt(Offset);
-  };
-  return {.Begin = MapPosition(BodyRange.Begin), .End = MapPosition(BodyRange.End)};
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseBody(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
-                                  MIParserContext &Context) {
-  const yaml::Node *Body = mappingValue(Root, "body");
-  std::string BodyText;
-  TextRange BodyRange = Root.range();
-  if (Body != nullptr) {
-    std::string_view Text;
-    if (scalar(*Body, Text, "machine function body"))
-      return true;
-    BodyText = Text;
-    BodyRange = Body->range();
-  }
-
-  if (Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits != 0)
-    Context.DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits;
-  if (!effectiveDataLayout().empty()) {
-    const LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions PointerOptions = pointerLayoutOptions();
-    Context.PointerSizeInBits = [PointerOptions](std::uint32_t AddressSpace) {
-      return llvmPointerSizeInBits(AddressSpace, PointerOptions);
-    };
-  }
-  Context.SyncScopes = ActiveDocument->SyncScopes;
-  Context.InternSyncScope = [this](std::string_view Name) -> Expected<SyncScopeID> {
-    if (Name.empty())
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "synchronization scope name cannot be empty");
-    const auto Existing =
-        std::ranges::find_if(ActiveDocument->SyncScopes,
-                             [Name](const MISyncScopeSlot &Slot) { return Slot.Name == Name; });
-    if (Existing != ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.end())
-      return Existing->ID;
-    if (ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.size() >=
-        static_cast<std::size_t>(std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max())) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::Unsupported,
-                            "MIR document contains too many synchronization scopes");
-    }
-    const auto ID =
-        SyncScopeID::fromValue(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.size() + 1U));
-    ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.push_back({.Name = std::string(Name), .ID = ID});
-    return ID;
-  };
-  MIParserOptions BodyOptions = Options.MachineInstructions;
-  BodyOptions.VerifyAfterParse = false;
-  MIParser Parser(Function, Target,
-                  std::string(Result.Source.name()) + ":" + std::string(Function.name()),
-                  std::move(BodyText), Context, BodyOptions);
-  auto Parsed = Parser.parse();
-  if (!Parsed) {
-    if (!Parser.diagnostics().empty()) {
-      const TextRange Range = Body == nullptr
-                                  ? BodyRange
-                                  : bodyDiagnosticRange(*Body, Parser.diagnostics().front().Range);
-      return fail(Range, Parser.diagnostics().front().Message, "mir-body");
-    }
-    return importError(BodyRange, Parsed.error(), "mir-body");
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::convertTargetNode(const yaml::Node &Source, MIRTargetNode &Destination) {
-  switch (Source.kind()) {
-  case yaml::NodeKind::Null:
-    Destination = MIRTargetNode::null();
-    return false;
-  case yaml::NodeKind::Scalar:
-    Destination = MIRTargetNode::scalar(std::string(Source.scalar()));
-    return false;
-  case yaml::NodeKind::Sequence: {
-    std::vector<MIRTargetNode> Values;
-    Values.reserve(Source.sequence().size());
-    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : Source.sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
-      if (Element == nullptr)
-        return fail(Source.range(), "target MIR sequence contains an invalid node");
-      MIRTargetNode Value;
-      if (convertTargetNode(*Element, Value))
-        return true;
-      Values.push_back(std::move(Value));
-    }
-    Destination = MIRTargetNode::sequence(std::move(Values));
-    return false;
-  }
-  case yaml::NodeKind::Mapping: {
-    std::vector<MIRTargetMappingEntry> Entries;
-    Entries.reserve(Source.mapping().size());
-    for (const yaml::MappingEntry &SourceEntry : Source.mapping()) {
-      const yaml::Node *ValueNode = node(SourceEntry.Value);
-      if (ValueNode == nullptr)
-        return fail(SourceEntry.KeyRange, "target MIR mapping contains an invalid node");
-      MIRTargetNode Value;
-      if (convertTargetNode(*ValueNode, Value))
-        return true;
-      Entries.push_back({SourceEntry.Key, std::move(Value)});
-    }
-    Destination = MIRTargetNode::mapping(std::move(Entries));
-    return false;
-  }
-  }
-  return fail(Source.range(), "target MIR node has an unknown kind");
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseTargetState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function) {
-  const yaml::Node *StateNode = mappingValue(Root, "machineFunctionInfo");
-  if (StateNode == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  MIRTargetNode TargetNode;
-  if (convertTargetNode(*StateNode, TargetNode))
-    return true;
-  auto State = Target.mirText().parseFunctionState(TargetNode);
-  if (!State)
-    return importError(StateNode->range(), State.error(), "mir-target-state");
-  auto SetResult = Function.setTargetState(std::move(*State));
-  if (!SetResult)
-    return importError(StateNode->range(), SetResult.error(), "mir-target-state");
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFunctionRecords(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function) {
-  auto ParseLocation = [this, &Function](const yaml::Node &Entry,
-                                         MachineInstr *&Instruction) -> bool {
-    const yaml::Node *BlockNode = mappingValue(Entry, "bb");
-    const yaml::Node *OffsetNode = mappingValue(Entry, "offset");
-    if (BlockNode == nullptr || OffsetNode == nullptr)
-      return fail(Entry.range(), "instruction location requires 'bb' and 'offset'");
-    std::uint64_t Block = 0;
-    std::uint64_t Offset = 0;
-    if (unsignedValue(*BlockNode, Block, "a 32-bit basic block number") ||
-        unsignedValue(*OffsetNode, Offset, "a 32-bit instruction offset") ||
-        Block > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max() ||
-        Offset > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    Instruction = instructionAt(Function, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Block),
-                                static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Offset));
-    if (Instruction == nullptr)
-      return fail(Entry.range(), "instruction location is outside the machine function body");
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *CallSites = mappingValue(Root, "callSites")) {
-    if (requireKind(*CallSites, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "call-site records"))
-      return true;
-    constexpr std::array CallSiteKeys{
-        std::string_view{"bb"},
-        std::string_view{"offset"},
-        std::string_view{"fwdArgRegs"},
-        std::string_view{"calleeTypeIds"},
-    };
-    constexpr std::array ArgumentKeys{
-        std::string_view{"arg"},
-        std::string_view{"reg"},
-    };
-    for (const yaml::NodeID CallSiteID : CallSites->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *CallSiteNode = node(CallSiteID);
-      if (CallSiteNode == nullptr ||
-          requireKind(*CallSiteNode, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "call-site record") ||
-          validateKeys(*CallSiteNode, CallSiteKeys, "call-site record")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      MachineInstr *Call = nullptr;
-      if (ParseLocation(*CallSiteNode, Call))
-        return true;
-      MachineCallSiteInfo Info{
-          .CallInstruction = Call->stableID(),
-          .ForwardedArguments = {},
-          .CalleeTypeIDs = {},
-      };
-      if (const yaml::Node *Arguments = mappingValue(*CallSiteNode, "fwdArgRegs")) {
-        if (requireKind(*Arguments, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "forwarded call arguments")) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        for (const yaml::NodeID ArgumentID : Arguments->sequence()) {
-          const yaml::Node *Argument = node(ArgumentID);
-          if (Argument == nullptr ||
-              requireKind(*Argument, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "forwarded call argument") ||
-              validateKeys(*Argument, ArgumentKeys, "forwarded call argument")) {
-            return true;
-          }
-          const yaml::Node *NumberNode = mappingValue(*Argument, "arg");
-          const yaml::Node *RegNode = mappingValue(*Argument, "reg");
-          if (NumberNode == nullptr || RegNode == nullptr)
-            return fail(Argument->range(), "forwarded call argument requires 'arg' and 'reg'");
-          std::uint16_t Number = 0;
-          std::uint64_t WideNumber = 0;
-          PhysicalRegister Reg;
-          if (unsignedValue(*NumberNode, WideNumber, "a 16-bit argument number") ||
-              WideNumber > std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max() ||
-              physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg)) {
-            return true;
-          }
-          Number = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(WideNumber);
-          Info.ForwardedArguments.push_back({Reg, Number});
-        }
-      }
-      if (const yaml::Node *TypeIDs = mappingValue(*CallSiteNode, "calleeTypeIds")) {
-        if (requireKind(*TypeIDs, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "callee type IDs"))
-          return true;
-        for (const yaml::NodeID TypeID : TypeIDs->sequence()) {
-          const yaml::Node *TypeNode = node(TypeID);
-          std::uint64_t Value = 0;
-          if (TypeNode == nullptr ||
-              unsignedValue(*TypeNode, Value, "an unsigned callee type ID")) {
-            return true;
-          }
-          Info.CalleeTypeIDs.push_back(Value);
-        }
-      }
-      auto AddResult = Function.records().addCallSite(std::move(Info));
-      if (!AddResult)
-        return importError(CallSiteNode->range(), AddResult.error());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *CalledGlobals = mappingValue(Root, "calledGlobals")) {
-    if (requireKind(*CalledGlobals, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "called-global records"))
-      return true;
-    constexpr std::array Keys{
-        std::string_view{"bb"},
-        std::string_view{"offset"},
-        std::string_view{"callee"},
-        std::string_view{"flags"},
-    };
-    for (const yaml::NodeID CalledID : CalledGlobals->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *CalledNode = node(CalledID);
-      if (CalledNode == nullptr ||
-          requireKind(*CalledNode, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "called-global record") ||
-          validateKeys(*CalledNode, Keys, "called-global record")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      MachineInstr *Call = nullptr;
-      if (ParseLocation(*CalledNode, Call))
-        return true;
-      const yaml::Node *CalleeNode = mappingValue(*CalledNode, "callee");
-      const yaml::Node *FlagsNode = mappingValue(*CalledNode, "flags");
-      if (CalleeNode == nullptr || FlagsNode == nullptr)
-        return fail(CalledNode->range(), "called-global record requires 'callee' and 'flags'");
-      std::string_view Callee;
-      std::uint64_t WideFlags = 0;
-      if (scalar(*CalleeNode, Callee, "callee name") ||
-          unsignedValue(*FlagsNode, WideFlags, "32-bit called-global flags") ||
-          WideFlags > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR && !ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->hasGlobalValue(Callee)) {
-        return fail(CalleeNode->range(), "called global references an undefined embedded global");
-      }
-      auto AddResult =
-          Function.records().addCalledGlobal({.CallInstruction = Call->stableID(),
-                                              .Callee = std::string(Callee),
-                                              .Flags = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideFlags)});
-      if (!AddResult)
-        return importError(CalledNode->range(), AddResult.error());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *Substitutions = mappingValue(Root, "debugValueSubstitutions")) {
-    if (requireKind(*Substitutions, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "debug value substitutions")) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    constexpr std::array Keys{
-        std::string_view{"srcinst"}, std::string_view{"srcop"},  std::string_view{"dstinst"},
-        std::string_view{"dstop"},   std::string_view{"subreg"},
-    };
-    for (const yaml::NodeID SubstitutionID : Substitutions->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *Substitution = node(SubstitutionID);
-      if (Substitution == nullptr ||
-          requireKind(*Substitution, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "debug value substitution") ||
-          validateKeys(*Substitution, Keys, "debug value substitution")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      std::array<std::uint32_t, 5> Values{};
-      for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Keys.size(); ++Index) {
-        const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(*Substitution, Keys[Index]);
-        if (ValueNode == nullptr)
-          return fail(Substitution->range(), "debug value substitution requires every fixed field");
-        std::uint64_t Wide = 0;
-        if (unsignedValue(*ValueNode, Wide, "a 32-bit debug substitution value") ||
-            Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        Values[Index] = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Wide);
-      }
-      auto AddResult = Function.records().addDebugValueSubstitution(
-          {.Source = {Values[0], Values[1]},
-           .Destination = {Values[2], Values[3]},
-           .Subregister = SubRegIndex::fromValue(Values[4])});
-      if (!AddResult)
-        return importError(Substitution->range(), AddResult.error());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *PrefetchTargets = mappingValue(Root, "prefetch-targets")) {
-    if (requireKind(*PrefetchTargets, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "prefetch targets"))
-      return true;
-    for (const yaml::NodeID TargetID : PrefetchTargets->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *TargetNode = node(TargetID);
-      std::string_view Text;
-      if (TargetNode == nullptr || scalar(*TargetNode, Text, "prefetch target"))
-        return true;
-      Text = trim(Text);
-      if (!Text.starts_with("bb_id"))
-        return fail(TargetNode->range(), "prefetch target must start with 'bb_id'");
-      Text = trim(Text.substr(std::string_view("bb_id").size()));
-      std::array<std::uint32_t, 3> Values{};
-      for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Values.size(); ++Index) {
-        const std::size_t Comma = Text.find(',');
-        const std::string_view Part = Index + 1 == Values.size() ? Text : Text.substr(0, Comma);
-        if ((Index + 1 != Values.size() && Comma == std::string_view::npos) ||
-            !parseUnsigned32(trim(Part), Values[Index])) {
-          return fail(TargetNode->range(), "prefetch target has invalid numeric fields");
-        }
-        if (Index + 1 != Values.size())
-          Text = trim(Text.substr(Comma + 1));
-      }
-      auto AddResult = Function.records().addPrefetchTarget(
-          {.Block = {Values[0], Values[1]}, .CallsiteIndex = Values[2]});
-      if (!AddResult)
-        return importError(TargetNode->range(), AddResult.error());
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (const yaml::Node *EntryValues = mappingValue(Root, "entry_values")) {
-    if (requireKind(*EntryValues, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "entry values"))
-      return true;
-    constexpr std::array Keys{
-        std::string_view{"entry-value-register"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-variable"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-expression"},
-        std::string_view{"debug-info-location"},
-    };
-    for (const yaml::NodeID EntryID : EntryValues->sequence()) {
-      const yaml::Node *Entry = node(EntryID);
-      if (Entry == nullptr || requireKind(*Entry, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "entry value") ||
-          validateKeys(*Entry, Keys, "entry value")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const yaml::Node *RegNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "entry-value-register");
-      const yaml::Node *VariableNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "debug-info-variable");
-      const yaml::Node *ExpressionNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "debug-info-expression");
-      const yaml::Node *LocationNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "debug-info-location");
-      if (RegNode == nullptr || VariableNode == nullptr || ExpressionNode == nullptr ||
-          LocationNode == nullptr) {
-        return fail(Entry->range(), "entry value requires all four fixed fields");
-      }
-      PhysicalRegister Reg;
-      if (physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
-        return true;
-      MachineVariableDebugInfo DebugInfo;
-      if (parseVariableDebugInfo(*Entry, Function, DebugInfo))
-        return true;
-      if (!DebugInfo.Variable || !DebugInfo.Expression || !DebugInfo.Location) {
-        return fail(Entry->range(), "entry value debug metadata cannot be empty",
-                    "mir-debug-metadata");
-      }
-      auto AddResult =
-          Function.records().addEntryValue({.Reg = Reg, .DebugInfo = std::move(DebugInfo)});
-      if (!AddResult)
-        return importError(Entry->range(), AddResult.error());
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-Expected<void> verifyMIRDocumentReferences(const MIRDocument &Document,
-                                           const MachineFunction &Function, bool UseEmbeddedIR) {
-  const EmbeddedIRReferenceIndex *Embedded = UseEmbeddedIR ? Document.embeddedIR() : nullptr;
-  const EmbeddedIRFunction *IRFunction = nullptr;
-  if (Embedded != nullptr) {
-    IRFunction = Embedded->function(Function.name());
-    if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            "machine function has no matching embedded LLVM IR function");
-    }
-  }
-
-  const auto ValidateGlobal = [Embedded](std::string_view Name,
-                                         std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (Embedded == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) +
-                                " requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve global '" +
-                                std::string(Name) + "'");
-    }
-    if (Embedded->hasGlobalValue(Name))
-      return {};
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                          std::string(Description) +
-                              " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR global '" +
-                              std::string(Name) + "'");
-  };
-  const auto ValidateBlockAddress = [Embedded](std::string_view FunctionName,
-                                               std::string_view BlockName,
-                                               std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (Embedded == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) +
-                                " requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve a block address");
-    }
-    const EmbeddedIRFunction *AddressFunction = Embedded->function(FunctionName);
-    if (AddressFunction == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) +
-                                " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR function '" +
-                                std::string(FunctionName) + "'");
-    }
-    if (AddressFunction->block(BlockName) == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(
-          ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-          std::string(Description) + " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR block '" +
-              std::string(BlockName) + "' in function '" + std::string(FunctionName) + "'");
-    }
-    return {};
-  };
-  const auto ValidateIRValue = [IRFunction](std::string_view Name,
-                                            std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) +
-                                " requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve IR value '%" +
-                                std::string(Name) + "'");
-    }
-    if (IRFunction->value(Name) != nullptr)
-      return {};
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                          std::string(Description) +
-                              " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR value '%" +
-                              std::string(Name) + "'");
-  };
-  const auto ValidateMetadata = [Embedded](MachineMetadataReference Reference,
-                                           std::initializer_list<std::string_view> ExpectedTypes,
-                                           std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (!Reference.isValid()) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) + " has an invalid metadata reference");
-    }
-    if (Reference.scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR)
-      return {};
-    if (Embedded == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) + " requires embedded LLVM IR metadata !" +
-                                std::to_string(Reference.slot()));
-    }
-    const EmbeddedIRMetadataDefinition *Definition =
-        Embedded->metadata(std::to_string(Reference.slot()));
-    if (Definition == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            std::string(Description) +
-                                " references undefined embedded LLVM IR metadata !" +
-                                std::to_string(Reference.slot()));
-    }
-    if (ExpectedTypes.size() == 0 ||
-        std::ranges::find(ExpectedTypes, Definition->DynamicType) != ExpectedTypes.end()) {
-      return {};
-    }
-    std::string Expected;
-    for (const std::string_view Type : ExpectedTypes) {
-      if (!Expected.empty())
-        Expected.append(" or ");
-      Expected.append(Type);
-    }
-    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                          std::string(Description) + " requires " + Expected + " metadata, but !" +
-                              std::to_string(Reference.slot()) + " is " +
-                              (Definition->DynamicType.empty()
-                                   ? std::string("an unclassified metadata node")
-                                   : Definition->DynamicType));
-  };
-  const auto ValidateMetadataValue =
-      [&ValidateMetadata](const MachineMetadataValue &Value,
-                          std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
-    const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = Value.reference();
-    return Reference == nullptr ? Expected<void>{} : ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, Description);
-  };
-  const auto ValidateLocation =
-      [&ValidateMetadata](const MachineDebugLocation &Location,
-                          std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = Location.reference())
-      return ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {"DILocation"}, Description);
-    const MachineDILocation *Inline = Location.inlineLocation();
-    if (Inline == nullptr)
-      return {};
-    for (const MachineDILocationFrame &Frame : Inline->inlineChain()) {
-      auto Verification =
-          ValidateMetadata(Frame.Scope, {"DISubprogram", "DILexicalBlock", "DILexicalBlockFile"},
-                           "inline DILocation scope");
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-    if (Inline->terminalInlinedAt()) {
-      return ValidateMetadata(*Inline->terminalInlinedAt(), {"DILocation"},
-                              "inline DILocation inlinedAt");
-    }
-    return {};
-  };
-  const auto ValidateVariableDebugInfo =
-      [&ValidateMetadata, &ValidateMetadataValue,
-       &ValidateLocation](const MachineVariableDebugInfo &DebugInfo) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (DebugInfo.Variable) {
-      auto Verification =
-          ValidateMetadata(*DebugInfo.Variable, {"DILocalVariable"}, "debug variable");
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-    if (DebugInfo.Expression) {
-      if (const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = DebugInfo.Expression->reference();
-          Reference != nullptr) {
-        auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {"DIExpression"}, "debug expression");
-        if (!Verification)
-          return Verification;
-      }
-      auto Verification = ValidateMetadataValue(*DebugInfo.Expression, "debug expression");
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-    if (DebugInfo.Location)
-      return ValidateLocation(*DebugInfo.Location, "debug location");
-    return {};
-  };
-  const auto ValidateGenericType = [Embedded](const auto &Self,
-                                              const GenericConstantType &Type) -> Expected<void> {
-    if (Type.Kind == GenericConstantTypeKind::Named) {
-      if (Embedded == nullptr) {
-        return makeUnexpected(
-            ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-            "generic constant type requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve named type '%" + Type.Name +
-                "'");
-      }
-      if (Embedded->typeDefinition(Type.Name) == nullptr) {
-        return makeUnexpected(
-            ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-            "generic constant type references an undefined embedded LLVM IR named type '%" +
-                Type.Name + "'");
-      }
-    }
-    for (const GenericConstantType &Element : Type.Elements) {
-      auto Verification = Self(Self, Element);
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-    return {};
-  };
-  const auto ValidateGenericConstant =
-      [&ValidateBlockAddress, &ValidateGenericType,
-       &ValidateGlobal](const auto &Self, const GenericConstantData &Constant) -> Expected<void> {
-    auto TypeVerification = ValidateGenericType(ValidateGenericType, Constant.Type);
-    if (!TypeVerification)
-      return TypeVerification;
-    if (Constant.SourceElementType) {
-      TypeVerification = ValidateGenericType(ValidateGenericType, *Constant.SourceElementType);
-      if (!TypeVerification)
-        return TypeVerification;
-    }
-    switch (Constant.Kind) {
-    case GenericConstantKind::GlobalAddress:
-    case GenericConstantKind::DSOLocalEquivalent:
-    case GenericConstantKind::NoCFI:
-      if (auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(Constant.Symbol, "generic constant"); !Verification)
-        return Verification;
-      break;
-    case GenericConstantKind::BlockAddress:
-      if (auto Verification = ValidateBlockAddress(Constant.Symbol, Constant.Block,
-                                                   "generic constant blockaddress");
-          !Verification) {
-        return Verification;
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-    }
-    for (const GenericConstantData &Element : Constant.Elements) {
-      auto Verification = Self(Self, Element);
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-    return {};
-  };
-
-  for (const MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr;
-       Block = Block->next()) {
-    if (const auto Name = Block->attributes().irBlockName(); Name) {
-      if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
-        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                              "machine basic block requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve block '" +
-                                  std::string(*Name) + "'");
-      }
-      if (IRFunction->block(*Name) == nullptr) {
-        return makeUnexpected(
-            ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-            "machine basic block references an undefined embedded LLVM IR block '" +
-                std::string(*Name) + "'");
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  for (const StackObject &Object : Function.frameInfo().objects()) {
-    const StackObjectDesc *Description = Object.description();
-    if (Description == nullptr || !Description->AllocaName)
-      continue;
-    if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            "stack object requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve alloca '" +
-                                *Description->AllocaName + "'");
-    }
-    if (IRFunction->alloca(*Description->AllocaName) == nullptr) {
-      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-                            "stack object references an undefined embedded LLVM IR alloca '" +
-                                *Description->AllocaName + "'");
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const MachineConstantPoolEntry &Entry : Function.constantPool().entries()) {
-    const MachineConstantPoolEntryDesc *Description = Entry.description();
-    if (Description == nullptr)
-      continue;
-    if (const auto *Generic = std::get_if<GenericConstantData>(&Description->Value)) {
-      auto Verification = ValidateGenericConstant(ValidateGenericConstant, *Generic);
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    } else if (const auto *Address = std::get_if<BlockAddressConstant>(&Description->Value)) {
-      auto Verification = ValidateBlockAddress(Address->FunctionName, Address->BlockName,
-                                               "constant-pool block address");
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const MachineMetadataNode &Node : Function.metadata().nodes()) {
-    for (const MachineMetadataElement &Element : Node.Elements) {
-      const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = Element.reference();
-      if (Reference == nullptr)
-        continue;
-      auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, "machine metadata node");
-      if (!Verification)
-        return Verification;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const StackObject &Object : Function.frameInfo().objects()) {
-    const StackObjectDesc *Description = Object.description();
-    if (Description == nullptr || !Description->DebugInfo)
-      continue;
-    auto Verification = ValidateVariableDebugInfo(*Description->DebugInfo);
-    if (!Verification)
-      return Verification;
-  }
-  for (const MachineEntryValueInfo &Entry : Function.records().entryValues()) {
-    auto Verification = ValidateVariableDebugInfo(Entry.DebugInfo);
-    if (!Verification)
-      return Verification;
-  }
-  for (const MachineCalledGlobal &Called : Function.records().calledGlobals()) {
-    auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(Called.Callee, "called-global record");
-    if (!Verification)
-      return Verification;
-  }
-
-  for (const MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr;
-       Block = Block->next()) {
-    for (const MachineInstr *Instruction = Block->firstInstruction(); Instruction != nullptr;
-         Instruction = Instruction->next()) {
-      if (Instruction->debugLocation()) {
-        auto Verification =
-            ValidateLocation(*Instruction->debugLocation(), "instruction debug location");
-        if (!Verification)
-          return Verification;
-      }
-      const std::array InstructionMetadata{
-          Instruction->heapAllocMarker(),
-          Instruction->pcSections(),
-          Instruction->mmra(),
-      };
-      for (const auto &Reference : InstructionMetadata) {
-        if (!Reference)
-          continue;
-        auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, "instruction metadata attachment");
-        if (!Verification)
-          return Verification;
-      }
-
-      for (const MachineOperand &Operand : Instruction->operands()) {
-        if (const auto *Global = Operand.getIf<GlobalSymbolOperand>(); Global != nullptr) {
-          auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(Global->Name, "global-symbol operand");
-          if (!Verification)
-            return Verification;
-        }
-        if (const auto *Address = Operand.getIf<BlockAddressOperand>(); Address != nullptr) {
-          auto Verification = ValidateBlockAddress(Address->FunctionName, Address->BlockName,
-                                                   "block-address operand");
-          if (!Verification)
-            return Verification;
-        }
-        if (const auto *Metadata = Operand.getIf<MetadataOperand>(); Metadata != nullptr) {
-          auto Verification = ValidateMetadataValue(Metadata->Value, "metadata operand");
-          if (!Verification)
-            return Verification;
-        }
-      }
-
-      for (const MachineMemOperand *Memory : Instruction->memOperands()) {
-        const MachineMemOperandDesc &Description = Memory->description();
-        const std::optional<std::string_view> BaseName = Description.Base.symbolName();
-        switch (Description.Base.kind()) {
-        case MemoryBase::Kind::GlobalSymbol:
-        case MemoryBase::Kind::CallEntryGlobal:
-          if (BaseName) {
-            auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(*BaseName, "machine memory base");
-            if (!Verification)
-              return Verification;
-          }
-          break;
-        case MemoryBase::Kind::IRValue:
-          if (BaseName) {
-            auto Verification = ValidateIRValue(*BaseName, "machine memory base");
-            if (!Verification)
-              return Verification;
-          }
-          break;
-        default:
-          break;
-        }
-        const std::array MetadataReferences{
-            Description.TBAA,          Description.AliasScope,
-            Description.NoAlias,       Description.NoAliasAddressSpace,
-            Description.RangeMetadata,
-        };
-        for (const auto &Reference : MetadataReferences) {
-          if (!Reference)
-            continue;
-          auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, "machine memory operand metadata");
-          if (!Verification)
-            return Verification;
-        }
-        if (Description.SyncScope.value() == 0)
-          continue;
-        const auto Scope =
-            std::ranges::find_if(Document.syncScopes(), [&Description](const auto &Slot) {
-              return Slot.ID == Description.SyncScope;
-            });
-        if (Scope == Document.syncScopes().end()) {
-          return makeUnexpected(
-              ErrorCode::VerificationError,
-              "machine memory operand synchronization scope has no document name");
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return {};
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::validateDocumentReferences(const MachineFunction &Function) {
-  auto Verification = verifyMIRDocumentReferences(*ActiveDocument, Function, true);
-  if (Verification)
-    return false;
-  return importError(Result.Source.range(0, 0), Verification.error());
-}
-
-bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFunction(const yaml::Node &Root, MIRDocument &Document) {
-  constexpr std::array Keys{
-      std::string_view{"name"},
-      std::string_view{"alignment"},
-      std::string_view{"exposesReturnsTwice"},
-      std::string_view{"legalized"},
-      std::string_view{"regBankSelected"},
-      std::string_view{"selected"},
-      std::string_view{"failedISel"},
-      std::string_view{"tracksRegLiveness"},
-      std::string_view{"hasWinCFI"},
-      std::string_view{"noPhis"},
-      std::string_view{"isSSA"},
-      std::string_view{"noVRegs"},
-      std::string_view{"hasFakeUses"},
-      std::string_view{"callsEHReturn"},
-      std::string_view{"callsUnwindInit"},
-      std::string_view{"hasEHContTarget"},
-      std::string_view{"hasEHScopes"},
-      std::string_view{"hasEHFunclets"},
-      std::string_view{"isOutlined"},
-      std::string_view{"debugInstrRef"},
-      std::string_view{"failsVerification"},
-      std::string_view{"tracksDebugUserValues"},
-      std::string_view{"registers"},
-      std::string_view{"liveins"},
-      std::string_view{"calleeSavedRegisters"},
-      std::string_view{"frameInfo"},
-      std::string_view{"fixedStack"},
-      std::string_view{"stack"},
-      std::string_view{"entry_values"},
-      std::string_view{"callSites"},
-      std::string_view{"debugValueSubstitutions"},
-      std::string_view{"constants"},
-      std::string_view{"machineFunctionInfo"},
-      std::string_view{"jumpTable"},
-      std::string_view{"machineMetadataNodes"},
-      std::string_view{"calledGlobals"},
-      std::string_view{"prefetch-targets"},
-      std::string_view{"body"},
-  };
-  if (validateKeys(Root, Keys, "machine function"))
-    return true;
-  const yaml::Node *NameNode = mappingValue(Root, "name");
-  if (NameNode == nullptr)
-    return fail(Root.range(), "machine function requires 'name'");
-  std::string_view Name;
-  if (scalar(*NameNode, Name, "machine function name") || Name.empty())
-    return fail(NameNode->range(), "machine function name cannot be empty");
-
-  if (Document.EmbeddedIR) {
-    const EmbeddedIRFunction *IRFunction = Document.EmbeddedIR->function(Name);
-    if (IRFunction == nullptr)
-      return fail(NameNode->range(),
-                  "machine function has no corresponding embedded LLVM IR function");
-  }
-
-  auto Created = Document.Unit.createMachineFunction(std::string(Name));
-  if (!Created)
-    return importError(NameNode->range(), Created.error());
-  MachineFunction &Function = **Created;
-  ActiveFunction = &Function;
-
-  MIRFunctionDocumentInfo DocumentInfo{
-      .Function = Function.stableID(),
-      .NoPHIs = std::nullopt,
-      .IsSSA = std::nullopt,
-      .NoVRegs = std::nullopt,
-      .HasFakeUses = std::nullopt,
-  };
-  MIParserContext Context;
-  Context.DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits;
-
-  std::vector<PendingJumpTable> PendingJumpTables;
-  if (parseFunctionScalars(Root, Function, DocumentInfo) ||
-      parseMetadata(Root, Function, Context) || parseRegisters(Root, Function, Context) ||
-      parseStackObjects(Root, Function, Context) || parseConstants(Root, Function, Context) ||
-      reserveJumpTables(Root, Function, Context, PendingJumpTables) ||
-      parseBody(Root, Function, Context) || defineJumpTables(Function, PendingJumpTables) ||
-      recomputeProperties(Root, Function, DocumentInfo) ||
-      parseFrameState(Root, Function, Context) || parseTargetState(Root, Function) ||
-      parseFunctionRecords(Root, Function) || validateDocumentReferences(Function)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (Options.VerifyMachineFunctions) {
-    auto Verified = MachineVerifier::verify(Function, Target);
-    if (!Verified)
-      return importError(Root.range(), Verified.error(), "mir-verifier");
-  }
-  Document.FunctionInfo.push_back(DocumentInfo);
-  ActiveFunction = nullptr;
-  return false;
-}
 
 MIRDocument::MIRDocument() = default;
 MIRDocument::MIRDocument(CompilationUnit Unit) : Unit(std::move(Unit)) {}
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..defcce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
+
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseBool;
+using parser_detail::parsePrefixedID;
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+using parser_detail::trim;
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::fail(const TextRange &Range, std::string Message, std::string Category) {
+  if (Result.Diagnostics.empty()) {
+    if (ActiveFunction != nullptr)
+      Message = "function '" + std::string(ActiveFunction->name()) + "': " + std::move(Message);
+    Result.Diagnostics.push_back(TextDiagnostic{
+        .Severity = DiagnosticSeverity::Error,
+        .Category = std::move(Category),
+        .Message = std::move(Message),
+        .SourceName = std::string(Result.Source.name()),
+        .Range = Range,
+    });
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::importError(const TextRange &Range, const Error &Failure,
+                                    std::string Category) {
+  return fail(Range, std::string(Failure.message()), std::move(Category));
+}
+
+const yaml::Node *MIRDocumentParser::mappingValue(const yaml::Node &Mapping,
+                                                  std::string_view Key) const noexcept {
+  const auto Value = Mapping.mappingValue(Key);
+  return Value ? node(*Value) : nullptr;
+}
+
+std::string_view MIRDocumentParser::effectiveDataLayout() const noexcept {
+  if (ActiveDocument != nullptr) {
+    if (const EmbeddedIRReferenceIndex *Embedded = ActiveDocument->embeddedIR()) {
+      if (const auto DataLayout = Embedded->dataLayout())
+        return *DataLayout;
+    }
+  }
+  return Options.DataLayout;
+}
+
+LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions MIRDocumentParser::pointerLayoutOptions() const noexcept {
+  return {
+      .DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits,
+      .DataLayout = effectiveDataLayout(),
+      .NamedTypes = {},
+  };
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::requireKind(const yaml::Node &Node, yaml::NodeKind Kind,
+                                    std::string_view Description) {
+  if (Node.kind() == Kind)
+    return false;
+  return fail(Node.range(), std::string(Description) + " has the wrong YAML node kind");
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::validateKeys(const yaml::Node &Mapping,
+                                     std::span<const std::string_view> Keys,
+                                     std::string_view Description) {
+  for (const yaml::MappingEntry &Entry : Mapping.mapping()) {
+    if (std::ranges::find(Keys, Entry.Key) == Keys.end()) {
+      return fail(Entry.KeyRange,
+                  "unknown " + std::string(Description) + " key '" + Entry.Key + "'");
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::scalar(const yaml::Node &Node, std::string_view &Value,
+                               std::string_view Description) {
+  if (requireKind(Node, yaml::NodeKind::Scalar, Description))
+    return true;
+  Value = Node.scalar();
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::boolean(const yaml::Node &Node, bool &Value) {
+  std::string_view Text;
+  if (scalar(Node, Text, "boolean") || !parseBool(Text, Value))
+    return fail(Node.range(), "expected 'true' or 'false'");
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::unsignedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::uint64_t &Value,
+                                      std::string_view Description) {
+  std::string_view Text;
+  if (scalar(Node, Text, Description) || !parseUnsigned(Text, Value))
+    return fail(Node.range(), "expected " + std::string(Description));
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::signedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::int64_t &Value,
+                                    std::string_view Description) {
+  std::string_view Text;
+  if (scalar(Node, Text, Description) || !parseSigned(Text, Value))
+    return fail(Node.range(), "expected " + std::string(Description));
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::alignment(const yaml::Node &Node, Alignment &Value, bool AllowZero) {
+  std::uint64_t Bytes = 0;
+  if (unsignedValue(Node, Bytes, "an unsigned alignment"))
+    return true;
+  if (Bytes == 0 && AllowZero) {
+    Value = Alignment{};
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto Parsed = Alignment::create(Bytes);
+  if (!Parsed)
+    return importError(Node.range(), Parsed.error());
+  Value = *Parsed;
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::physicalRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
+                                         PhysicalRegister &Reg) {
+  Text = trim(Text);
+  if (!Text.starts_with('$') || Text.size() == 1)
+    return fail(Range, "physical register must use the '$name' MIR spelling");
+  const PhysicalRegisterDesc *Description = Target.registers().physicalRegister(Text.substr(1));
+  if (Description == nullptr)
+    return fail(Range, "unknown physical register '" + std::string(Text) + "'");
+  Reg = Description->Reg;
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::physicalRegister(const yaml::Node &Node, PhysicalRegister &Reg) {
+  std::string_view Text;
+  return scalar(Node, Text, "physical register") || physicalRegister(Text, Node.range(), Reg);
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::virtualRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
+                                        const MIParserContext &Context, Register &Reg) {
+  const auto ID = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%");
+  if (!ID)
+    return fail(Range, "virtual register must use the '%N' MIR spelling");
+  const auto Found =
+      std::ranges::find_if(Context.VirtualRegisters,
+                           [ID](const MIVirtualRegisterSlot &Slot) { return Slot.TextID == *ID; });
+  if (Found == Context.VirtualRegisters.end())
+    return fail(Range, "reference to undefined virtual register '%" + std::to_string(*ID) + "'");
+  Reg = Found->Reg;
+  return false;
+}
+
+MIRDocumentParseResult MIRDocumentParser::run() {
+  yaml::ParseResult YAMLResult = yaml::parse(std::string(Result.Source.name()),
+                                             std::string(Result.Source.text()), Options.YAML);
+  if (!YAMLResult.succeeded()) {
+    const auto Diagnostics = YAMLResult.diagnostics();
+    Result.Diagnostics.assign(Diagnostics.begin(), Diagnostics.end());
+    return std::move(Result);
+  }
+  Stream = YAMLResult.stream();
+  if (Stream == nullptr || Stream->documents().empty()) {
+    static_cast<void>(fail(Result.Source.range(0, 0), "MIR stream contains no YAML documents"));
+    return std::move(Result);
+  }
+
+  MIRDocument Staging;
+  ActiveDocument = &Staging;
+  std::size_t FirstFunction = 0;
+  const yaml::Node *FirstRoot = node(Stream->documents().front().Root);
+  if (FirstRoot != nullptr && FirstRoot->kind() == yaml::NodeKind::Scalar) {
+    EmbeddedIRIndexResult Embedded = indexEmbeddedIR(
+        std::string(Result.Source.name()) + ":embedded-ir", std::string(FirstRoot->scalar()));
+    if (!Embedded.succeeded()) {
+      const auto Diagnostics = Embedded.diagnostics();
+      Result.Diagnostics.assign(Diagnostics.begin(), Diagnostics.end());
+      return std::move(Result);
+    }
+    Staging.EmbeddedIR = std::move(Embedded).takeIndex();
+    FirstFunction = 1;
+  }
+
+  if (const EmbeddedIRReferenceIndex *Embedded = Staging.embeddedIR()) {
+    if (const auto DataLayout = Embedded->dataLayout();
+        DataLayout && !Options.DataLayout.empty() && *DataLayout != Options.DataLayout) {
+      static_cast<void>(fail(Stream->documents().front().Range,
+                             "explicit DataLayout does not match embedded LLVM IR data layout"));
+      return std::move(Result);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!effectiveDataLayout().empty()) {
+    auto PointerSize = llvmPointerSizeInBits(0, pointerLayoutOptions());
+    if (!PointerSize) {
+      static_cast<void>(
+          importError(Stream->documents().front().Range, PointerSize.error(), "mir-data-layout"));
+      return std::move(Result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (FirstFunction == Stream->documents().size()) {
+    static_cast<void>(fail(Stream->documents().front().Range,
+                           "MIR stream must contain at least one machine function document"));
+    return std::move(Result);
+  }
+
+  for (std::size_t Index = FirstFunction; Index < Stream->documents().size(); ++Index) {
+    const yaml::Node *Root = node(Stream->documents()[Index].Root);
+    if (Root == nullptr || requireKind(*Root, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "machine function") ||
+        parseFunction(*Root, Staging)) {
+      return std::move(Result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto UnitResult = Staging.Unit.verify();
+  if (!UnitResult) {
+    static_cast<void>(
+        fail(Stream->documents().back().Range, "parsed compilation unit failed verification: " +
+                                                   std::string(UnitResult.error().message())));
+    return std::move(Result);
+  }
+  ActiveDocument = nullptr;
+  Result.Document = std::move(Staging);
+  return std::move(Result);
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFunction(const yaml::Node &Root, MIRDocument &Document) {
+  constexpr std::array Keys{
+      std::string_view{"name"},
+      std::string_view{"alignment"},
+      std::string_view{"exposesReturnsTwice"},
+      std::string_view{"legalized"},
+      std::string_view{"regBankSelected"},
+      std::string_view{"selected"},
+      std::string_view{"failedISel"},
+      std::string_view{"tracksRegLiveness"},
+      std::string_view{"hasWinCFI"},
+      std::string_view{"noPhis"},
+      std::string_view{"isSSA"},
+      std::string_view{"noVRegs"},
+      std::string_view{"hasFakeUses"},
+      std::string_view{"callsEHReturn"},
+      std::string_view{"callsUnwindInit"},
+      std::string_view{"hasEHContTarget"},
+      std::string_view{"hasEHScopes"},
+      std::string_view{"hasEHFunclets"},
+      std::string_view{"isOutlined"},
+      std::string_view{"debugInstrRef"},
+      std::string_view{"failsVerification"},
+      std::string_view{"tracksDebugUserValues"},
+      std::string_view{"registers"},
+      std::string_view{"liveins"},
+      std::string_view{"calleeSavedRegisters"},
+      std::string_view{"frameInfo"},
+      std::string_view{"fixedStack"},
+      std::string_view{"stack"},
+      std::string_view{"entry_values"},
+      std::string_view{"callSites"},
+      std::string_view{"debugValueSubstitutions"},
+      std::string_view{"constants"},
+      std::string_view{"machineFunctionInfo"},
+      std::string_view{"jumpTable"},
+      std::string_view{"machineMetadataNodes"},
+      std::string_view{"calledGlobals"},
+      std::string_view{"prefetch-targets"},
+      std::string_view{"body"},
+  };
+  if (validateKeys(Root, Keys, "machine function"))
+    return true;
+  const yaml::Node *NameNode = mappingValue(Root, "name");
+  if (NameNode == nullptr)
+    return fail(Root.range(), "machine function requires 'name'");
+  std::string_view Name;
+  if (scalar(*NameNode, Name, "machine function name") || Name.empty())
+    return fail(NameNode->range(), "machine function name cannot be empty");
+
+  if (Document.EmbeddedIR) {
+    const EmbeddedIRFunction *IRFunction = Document.EmbeddedIR->function(Name);
+    if (IRFunction == nullptr)
+      return fail(NameNode->range(),
+                  "machine function has no corresponding embedded LLVM IR function");
+  }
+
+  auto Created = Document.Unit.createMachineFunction(std::string(Name));
+  if (!Created)
+    return importError(NameNode->range(), Created.error());
+  MachineFunction &Function = **Created;
+  ActiveFunction = &Function;
+
+  MIRFunctionDocumentInfo DocumentInfo{
+      .Function = Function.stableID(),
+      .NoPHIs = std::nullopt,
+      .IsSSA = std::nullopt,
+      .NoVRegs = std::nullopt,
+      .HasFakeUses = std::nullopt,
+  };
+  MIParserContext Context;
+  Context.DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits;
+
+  std::vector<PendingJumpTable> PendingJumpTables;
+  if (parseFunctionScalars(Root, Function, DocumentInfo) ||
+      parseMetadata(Root, Function, Context) || parseRegisters(Root, Function, Context) ||
+      parseStackObjects(Root, Function, Context) || parseConstants(Root, Function, Context) ||
+      reserveJumpTables(Root, Function, Context, PendingJumpTables) ||
+      parseBody(Root, Function, Context) || defineJumpTables(Function, PendingJumpTables) ||
+      parseFrameState(Root, Function, Context) ||
+      recomputeProperties(Root, Function, DocumentInfo) || parseTargetState(Root, Function) ||
+      parseFunctionRecords(Root, Function) || validateDocumentReferences(Function)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (Options.VerifyMachineFunctions) {
+    auto Verified = MachineVerifier::verify(Function, Target);
+    if (!Verified)
+      return importError(Root.range(), Verified.error(), "mir-verifier");
+  }
+  Document.FunctionInfo.push_back(DocumentInfo);
+  ActiveFunction = nullptr;
+  return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentParser.h b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentParser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53a31b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentParser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(llvm-header-guard)
+#ifndef RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRDOCUMENTPARSER_H
+#define RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRDOCUMENTPARSER_H
+
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineDebugInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/MIRDocument.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc {
+
+class MachineBasicBlock;
+class MachineFunction;
+class MachineInstr;
+
+namespace mir {
+
+struct PendingJumpTable final {
+  JumpTableIndex Index;
+  std::uint32_t TextID = 0;
+  JumpTableEntryEncoding Encoding = JumpTableEntryEncoding::BlockAddress;
+  std::uint8_t EntrySize = 8;
+  std::vector<std::string> Blocks;
+};
+
+class MIRDocumentParser final {
+public:
+  MIRDocumentParser(const TargetDescription &Target, std::string SourceName, std::string SourceText,
+                    MIRDocumentParserOptions Options)
+      : Target(Target), Options(std::move(Options)),
+        Result(std::move(SourceName), std::move(SourceText)) {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] MIRDocumentParseResult run();
+
+private:
+  [[nodiscard]] bool fail(const TextRange &Range, std::string Message,
+                          std::string Category = "mir-yaml");
+  [[nodiscard]] bool importError(const TextRange &Range, const Error &Failure,
+                                 std::string Category = "mir-yaml");
+  [[nodiscard]] const yaml::Node *node(yaml::NodeID ID) const noexcept {
+    return Stream->node(ID);
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] const yaml::Node *mappingValue(const yaml::Node &Mapping,
+                                               std::string_view Key) const noexcept;
+  [[nodiscard]] bool requireKind(const yaml::Node &Node, yaml::NodeKind Kind,
+                                 std::string_view Description);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool validateKeys(const yaml::Node &Mapping, std::span<const std::string_view> Keys,
+                                  std::string_view Description);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool scalar(const yaml::Node &Node, std::string_view &Value,
+                            std::string_view Description);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool boolean(const yaml::Node &Node, bool &Value);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool unsignedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::uint64_t &Value,
+                                   std::string_view Description);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool signedValue(const yaml::Node &Node, std::int64_t &Value,
+                                 std::string_view Description);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool alignment(const yaml::Node &Node, Alignment &Value, bool AllowZero);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool physicalRegister(const yaml::Node &Node, PhysicalRegister &Reg);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool physicalRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
+                                      PhysicalRegister &Reg);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool virtualRegister(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
+                                     const MIParserContext &Context, Register &Reg);
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataReference>
+  resolveMetadataReference(const MachineFunction &Function, std::uint32_t Slot) const;
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseVariableDebugInfo(const yaml::Node &Entry, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                            MachineVariableDebugInfo &DebugInfo);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFunction(const yaml::Node &Root, MIRDocument &Document);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFunctionScalars(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                          MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool recomputeProperties(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                         const MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseRegisters(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                    MIParserContext &Context);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseMetadata(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                   MIParserContext &Context);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseStackObjects(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                       MIParserContext &Context);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseConstants(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                    MIParserContext &Context);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFrameState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                     const MIParserContext &Context);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool reserveJumpTables(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                       MIParserContext &Context,
+                                       std::vector<PendingJumpTable> &Pending);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool defineJumpTables(MachineFunction &Function,
+                                      std::span<const PendingJumpTable> Pending);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseBody(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                               MIParserContext &Context);
+  [[nodiscard]] TextRange bodyDiagnosticRange(const yaml::Node &Body,
+                                              const TextRange &BodyRange) const noexcept;
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFunctionRecords(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseTargetState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool convertTargetNode(const yaml::Node &Source, MIRTargetNode &Destination);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool validateDocumentReferences(const MachineFunction &Function);
+  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view effectiveDataLayout() const noexcept;
+  [[nodiscard]] LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions pointerLayoutOptions() const noexcept;
+
+  [[nodiscard]] MachineBasicBlock *blockAt(MachineFunction &Function,
+                                           std::uint32_t Number) const noexcept;
+  [[nodiscard]] MachineInstr *instructionAt(MachineFunction &Function, std::uint32_t Block,
+                                            std::uint32_t Offset) const noexcept;
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseBlockReference(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
+                                         MachineFunction &Function, MachineBasicBlock *&Block);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseFrameReference(const yaml::Node &Node, const MIParserContext &Context,
+                                         FrameIndex &Index);
+  [[nodiscard]] bool parseSaveRestorePoints(const yaml::Node &Node, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                            std::vector<MachineFrameSaveRestorePoint> &Points);
+
+  const TargetDescription &Target;
+  MIRDocumentParserOptions Options;
+  MIRDocumentParseResult Result;
+  const yaml::Stream *Stream = nullptr;
+  MIRDocument *ActiveDocument = nullptr;
+  MachineFunction *ActiveFunction = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace mir
+} // namespace rcc
+
+#endif // RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRDOCUMENTPARSER_H
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6dbb56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/MIRDocument.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <variant>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+Expected<void> verifyMIRDocumentReferences(const MIRDocument &Document,
+                                           const MachineFunction &Function, bool UseEmbeddedIR) {
+  const EmbeddedIRReferenceIndex *Embedded = UseEmbeddedIR ? Document.embeddedIR() : nullptr;
+  const EmbeddedIRFunction *IRFunction = nullptr;
+  if (Embedded != nullptr) {
+    IRFunction = Embedded->function(Function.name());
+    if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            "machine function has no matching embedded LLVM IR function");
+    }
+  }
+
+  const auto ValidateGlobal = [Embedded](std::string_view Name,
+                                         std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (Embedded == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) +
+                                " requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve global '" +
+                                std::string(Name) + "'");
+    }
+    if (Embedded->hasGlobalValue(Name))
+      return {};
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                          std::string(Description) +
+                              " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR global '" +
+                              std::string(Name) + "'");
+  };
+  const auto ValidateBlockAddress = [Embedded](std::string_view FunctionName,
+                                               std::string_view BlockName,
+                                               std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (Embedded == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) +
+                                " requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve a block address");
+    }
+    const EmbeddedIRFunction *AddressFunction = Embedded->function(FunctionName);
+    if (AddressFunction == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) +
+                                " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR function '" +
+                                std::string(FunctionName) + "'");
+    }
+    if (AddressFunction->block(BlockName) == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(
+          ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+          std::string(Description) + " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR block '" +
+              std::string(BlockName) + "' in function '" + std::string(FunctionName) + "'");
+    }
+    return {};
+  };
+  const auto ValidateIRValue = [IRFunction](std::string_view Name,
+                                            std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) +
+                                " requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve IR value '%" +
+                                std::string(Name) + "'");
+    }
+    if (IRFunction->value(Name) != nullptr)
+      return {};
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                          std::string(Description) +
+                              " references an undefined embedded LLVM IR value '%" +
+                              std::string(Name) + "'");
+  };
+  const auto ValidateMetadata = [Embedded](MachineMetadataReference Reference,
+                                           std::initializer_list<std::string_view> ExpectedTypes,
+                                           std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (!Reference.isValid()) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) + " has an invalid metadata reference");
+    }
+    if (Reference.scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR)
+      return {};
+    if (Embedded == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) + " requires embedded LLVM IR metadata !" +
+                                std::to_string(Reference.slot()));
+    }
+    const EmbeddedIRMetadataDefinition *Definition =
+        Embedded->metadata(std::to_string(Reference.slot()));
+    if (Definition == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            std::string(Description) +
+                                " references undefined embedded LLVM IR metadata !" +
+                                std::to_string(Reference.slot()));
+    }
+    if (ExpectedTypes.size() == 0 ||
+        std::ranges::find(ExpectedTypes, Definition->DynamicType) != ExpectedTypes.end()) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    std::string Expected;
+    for (const std::string_view Type : ExpectedTypes) {
+      if (!Expected.empty())
+        Expected.append(" or ");
+      Expected.append(Type);
+    }
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                          std::string(Description) + " requires " + Expected + " metadata, but !" +
+                              std::to_string(Reference.slot()) + " is " +
+                              (Definition->DynamicType.empty()
+                                   ? std::string("an unclassified metadata node")
+                                   : Definition->DynamicType));
+  };
+  const auto ValidateMetadataValue =
+      [&ValidateMetadata](const MachineMetadataValue &Value,
+                          std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
+    const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = Value.reference();
+    return Reference == nullptr ? Expected<void>{} : ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, Description);
+  };
+  const auto ValidateLocation =
+      [&ValidateMetadata](const MachineDebugLocation &Location,
+                          std::string_view Description) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = Location.reference())
+      return ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {"DILocation"}, Description);
+    const MachineDILocation *Inline = Location.inlineLocation();
+    if (Inline == nullptr)
+      return {};
+    for (const MachineDILocationFrame &Frame : Inline->inlineChain()) {
+      auto Verification =
+          ValidateMetadata(Frame.Scope, {"DISubprogram", "DILexicalBlock", "DILexicalBlockFile"},
+                           "inline DILocation scope");
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+    if (Inline->terminalInlinedAt()) {
+      return ValidateMetadata(*Inline->terminalInlinedAt(), {"DILocation"},
+                              "inline DILocation inlinedAt");
+    }
+    return {};
+  };
+  const auto ValidateVariableDebugInfo =
+      [&ValidateMetadata, &ValidateMetadataValue,
+       &ValidateLocation](const MachineVariableDebugInfo &DebugInfo) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (DebugInfo.Variable) {
+      auto Verification =
+          ValidateMetadata(*DebugInfo.Variable, {"DILocalVariable"}, "debug variable");
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+    if (DebugInfo.Expression) {
+      if (const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = DebugInfo.Expression->reference();
+          Reference != nullptr) {
+        auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {"DIExpression"}, "debug expression");
+        if (!Verification)
+          return Verification;
+      }
+      auto Verification = ValidateMetadataValue(*DebugInfo.Expression, "debug expression");
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+    if (DebugInfo.Location)
+      return ValidateLocation(*DebugInfo.Location, "debug location");
+    return {};
+  };
+  const auto ValidateGenericType = [Embedded](const auto &Self,
+                                              const GenericConstantType &Type) -> Expected<void> {
+    if (Type.Kind == GenericConstantTypeKind::Named) {
+      if (Embedded == nullptr) {
+        return makeUnexpected(
+            ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+            "generic constant type requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve named type '%" + Type.Name +
+                "'");
+      }
+      if (Embedded->typeDefinition(Type.Name) == nullptr) {
+        return makeUnexpected(
+            ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+            "generic constant type references an undefined embedded LLVM IR named type '%" +
+                Type.Name + "'");
+      }
+    }
+    for (const GenericConstantType &Element : Type.Elements) {
+      auto Verification = Self(Self, Element);
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+    return {};
+  };
+  const auto ValidateGenericConstant =
+      [&ValidateBlockAddress, &ValidateGenericType,
+       &ValidateGlobal](const auto &Self, const GenericConstantData &Constant) -> Expected<void> {
+    auto TypeVerification = ValidateGenericType(ValidateGenericType, Constant.Type);
+    if (!TypeVerification)
+      return TypeVerification;
+    if (Constant.SourceElementType) {
+      TypeVerification = ValidateGenericType(ValidateGenericType, *Constant.SourceElementType);
+      if (!TypeVerification)
+        return TypeVerification;
+    }
+    switch (Constant.Kind) {
+    case GenericConstantKind::GlobalAddress:
+    case GenericConstantKind::DSOLocalEquivalent:
+    case GenericConstantKind::NoCFI:
+      if (auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(Constant.Symbol, "generic constant"); !Verification)
+        return Verification;
+      break;
+    case GenericConstantKind::BlockAddress:
+      if (auto Verification = ValidateBlockAddress(Constant.Symbol, Constant.Block,
+                                                   "generic constant blockaddress");
+          !Verification) {
+        return Verification;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    for (const GenericConstantData &Element : Constant.Elements) {
+      auto Verification = Self(Self, Element);
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+    return {};
+  };
+
+  for (const MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr;
+       Block = Block->next()) {
+    if (const auto Name = Block->attributes().irBlockName(); Name) {
+      if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                              "machine basic block requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve block '" +
+                                  std::string(*Name) + "'");
+      }
+      if (IRFunction->block(*Name) == nullptr) {
+        return makeUnexpected(
+            ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+            "machine basic block references an undefined embedded LLVM IR block '" +
+                std::string(*Name) + "'");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  for (const StackObject &Object : Function.frameInfo().objects()) {
+    const StackObjectDesc *Description = Object.description();
+    if (Description == nullptr || !Description->AllocaName)
+      continue;
+    if (IRFunction == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            "stack object requires embedded LLVM IR to resolve alloca '" +
+                                *Description->AllocaName + "'");
+    }
+    if (IRFunction->alloca(*Description->AllocaName) == nullptr) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+                            "stack object references an undefined embedded LLVM IR alloca '" +
+                                *Description->AllocaName + "'");
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const MachineConstantPoolEntry &Entry : Function.constantPool().entries()) {
+    const MachineConstantPoolEntryDesc *Description = Entry.description();
+    if (Description == nullptr)
+      continue;
+    if (const auto *Generic = std::get_if<GenericConstantData>(&Description->Value)) {
+      auto Verification = ValidateGenericConstant(ValidateGenericConstant, *Generic);
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    } else if (const auto *Address = std::get_if<BlockAddressConstant>(&Description->Value)) {
+      auto Verification = ValidateBlockAddress(Address->FunctionName, Address->BlockName,
+                                               "constant-pool block address");
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const MachineMetadataNode &Node : Function.metadata().nodes()) {
+    for (const MachineMetadataElement &Element : Node.Elements) {
+      const MachineMetadataReference *Reference = Element.reference();
+      if (Reference == nullptr)
+        continue;
+      auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, "machine metadata node");
+      if (!Verification)
+        return Verification;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const StackObject &Object : Function.frameInfo().objects()) {
+    const StackObjectDesc *Description = Object.description();
+    if (Description == nullptr || !Description->DebugInfo)
+      continue;
+    auto Verification = ValidateVariableDebugInfo(*Description->DebugInfo);
+    if (!Verification)
+      return Verification;
+  }
+  for (const MachineEntryValueInfo &Entry : Function.records().entryValues()) {
+    auto Verification = ValidateVariableDebugInfo(Entry.DebugInfo);
+    if (!Verification)
+      return Verification;
+  }
+  for (const MachineCalledGlobal &Called : Function.records().calledGlobals()) {
+    auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(Called.Callee, "called-global record");
+    if (!Verification)
+      return Verification;
+  }
+
+  for (const MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr;
+       Block = Block->next()) {
+    for (const MachineInstr *Instruction = Block->firstInstruction(); Instruction != nullptr;
+         Instruction = Instruction->next()) {
+      if (Instruction->debugLocation()) {
+        auto Verification =
+            ValidateLocation(*Instruction->debugLocation(), "instruction debug location");
+        if (!Verification)
+          return Verification;
+      }
+      const std::array InstructionMetadata{
+          Instruction->heapAllocMarker(),
+          Instruction->pcSections(),
+          Instruction->mmra(),
+      };
+      for (const auto &Reference : InstructionMetadata) {
+        if (!Reference)
+          continue;
+        auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, "instruction metadata attachment");
+        if (!Verification)
+          return Verification;
+      }
+
+      for (const MachineOperand &Operand : Instruction->operands()) {
+        if (const auto *Global = Operand.getIf<GlobalSymbolOperand>(); Global != nullptr) {
+          auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(Global->Name, "global-symbol operand");
+          if (!Verification)
+            return Verification;
+        }
+        if (const auto *Address = Operand.getIf<BlockAddressOperand>(); Address != nullptr) {
+          auto Verification = ValidateBlockAddress(Address->FunctionName, Address->BlockName,
+                                                   "block-address operand");
+          if (!Verification)
+            return Verification;
+        }
+        if (const auto *Metadata = Operand.getIf<MetadataOperand>(); Metadata != nullptr) {
+          auto Verification = ValidateMetadataValue(Metadata->Value, "metadata operand");
+          if (!Verification)
+            return Verification;
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (const MachineMemOperand *Memory : Instruction->memOperands()) {
+        const MachineMemOperandDesc &Description = Memory->description();
+        const std::optional<std::string_view> BaseName = Description.Base.symbolName();
+        switch (Description.Base.kind()) {
+        case MemoryBase::Kind::GlobalSymbol:
+        case MemoryBase::Kind::CallEntryGlobal:
+          if (BaseName) {
+            auto Verification = ValidateGlobal(*BaseName, "machine memory base");
+            if (!Verification)
+              return Verification;
+          }
+          break;
+        case MemoryBase::Kind::IRValue:
+          if (BaseName) {
+            auto Verification = ValidateIRValue(*BaseName, "machine memory base");
+            if (!Verification)
+              return Verification;
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+        }
+        const std::array MetadataReferences{
+            Description.TBAA,          Description.AliasScope,
+            Description.NoAlias,       Description.NoAliasAddressSpace,
+            Description.RangeMetadata,
+        };
+        for (const auto &Reference : MetadataReferences) {
+          if (!Reference)
+            continue;
+          auto Verification = ValidateMetadata(*Reference, {}, "machine memory operand metadata");
+          if (!Verification)
+            return Verification;
+        }
+        if (Description.SyncScope.value() == 0)
+          continue;
+        const auto Scope =
+            std::ranges::find_if(Document.syncScopes(), [&Description](const auto &Slot) {
+              return Slot.ID == Description.SyncScope;
+            });
+        if (Scope == Document.syncScopes().end()) {
+          return makeUnexpected(
+              ErrorCode::VerificationError,
+              "machine memory operand synchronization scope has no document name");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFrameParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFrameParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76ace8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFrameParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseBool;
+using parser_detail::parsePrefixedID;
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+using parser_detail::trim;
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseStackObjects(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                          MIParserContext &Context) {
+  auto ParseList = [this, &Function, &Context](const yaml::Node &List, bool Fixed) -> bool {
+    if (requireKind(List, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence,
+                    Fixed ? "fixed stack objects" : "stack objects")) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    constexpr std::array FixedKeys{
+        std::string_view{"id"},
+        std::string_view{"type"},
+        std::string_view{"offset"},
+        std::string_view{"size"},
+        std::string_view{"alignment"},
+        std::string_view{"stack-id"},
+        std::string_view{"isImmutable"},
+        std::string_view{"isAliased"},
+        std::string_view{"callee-saved-register"},
+        std::string_view{"callee-saved-restored"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-variable"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-expression"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-location"},
+    };
+    constexpr std::array StackKeys{
+        std::string_view{"id"},
+        std::string_view{"name"},
+        std::string_view{"type"},
+        std::string_view{"offset"},
+        std::string_view{"size"},
+        std::string_view{"alignment"},
+        std::string_view{"stack-id"},
+        std::string_view{"callee-saved-register"},
+        std::string_view{"callee-saved-restored"},
+        std::string_view{"local-offset"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-variable"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-expression"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-location"},
+    };
+    std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
+    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : List.sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
+      if (Element == nullptr || requireKind(*Element, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "stack object") ||
+          (Fixed ? validateKeys(*Element, FixedKeys, "fixed stack object")
+                 : validateKeys(*Element, StackKeys, "stack object"))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Element, "id");
+      if (IDNode == nullptr)
+        return fail(Element->range(), "stack object requires 'id'");
+      std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
+      if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit stack object ID") ||
+          WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
+      if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
+        return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate stack object ID");
+
+      StackObjectDesc Description;
+      Description.Kind = Fixed ? StackObjectKind::FixedABI : StackObjectKind::Default;
+      Description.Offset = 0;
+      if (const yaml::Node *NameNode = mappingValue(*Element, "name")) {
+        std::string_view Name;
+        if (scalar(*NameNode, Name, "stack object name") || Name.empty())
+          return fail(NameNode->range(), "stack object name cannot be empty");
+        Description.AllocaName = std::string(Name);
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *TypeNode = mappingValue(*Element, "type")) {
+        std::string_view Type;
+        if (scalar(*TypeNode, Type, "stack object type"))
+          return true;
+        if (Type == "default")
+          Description.Kind = Fixed ? StackObjectKind::FixedABI : StackObjectKind::Default;
+        else if (Type == "spill-slot")
+          Description.Kind = Fixed ? StackObjectKind::FixedSpillSlot : StackObjectKind::SpillSlot;
+        else if (!Fixed && Type == "variable-sized")
+          Description.Kind = StackObjectKind::VariableSized;
+        else
+          return fail(TypeNode->range(), "unknown stack object type '" + std::string(Type) + "'");
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *OffsetNode = mappingValue(*Element, "offset")) {
+        std::int64_t Offset = 0;
+        if (signedValue(*OffsetNode, Offset, "a signed stack object offset"))
+          return true;
+        Description.Offset = Offset;
+      } else if (Fixed) {
+        Description.Offset = 0;
+      }
+      if (Description.Kind != StackObjectKind::VariableSized) {
+        const yaml::Node *SizeNode = mappingValue(*Element, "size");
+        if (SizeNode == nullptr) {
+          if (!Fixed)
+            return fail(Element->range(), "fixed-size stack object requires 'size'");
+          Description.Size = 0;
+        } else {
+          std::uint64_t Size = 0;
+          if (unsignedValue(*SizeNode, Size, "an unsigned stack object size"))
+            return true;
+          Description.Size = Size;
+        }
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *AlignmentNode = mappingValue(*Element, "alignment")) {
+        if (alignment(*AlignmentNode, Description.Align, true))
+          return true;
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *StackIDNode = mappingValue(*Element, "stack-id")) {
+        std::string_view Name;
+        if (scalar(*StackIDNode, Name, "stack ID"))
+          return true;
+        const auto Stack = parseStackIDName(Name);
+        if (!Stack)
+          return fail(StackIDNode->range(), "unknown stack ID '" + std::string(Name) + "'");
+        Description.Stack = *Stack;
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *ImmutableNode = mappingValue(*Element, "isImmutable")) {
+        if (boolean(*ImmutableNode, Description.IsImmutable))
+          return true;
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *AliasedNode = mappingValue(*Element, "isAliased")) {
+        if (boolean(*AliasedNode, Description.IsAliased))
+          return true;
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *SavedNode = mappingValue(*Element, "callee-saved-register")) {
+        PhysicalRegister Reg;
+        if (physicalRegister(*SavedNode, Reg))
+          return true;
+        Description.CalleeSavedRegister = Reg;
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *RestoredNode = mappingValue(*Element, "callee-saved-restored")) {
+        if (boolean(*RestoredNode, Description.CalleeSavedRestored))
+          return true;
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *LocalNode = mappingValue(*Element, "local-offset")) {
+        std::int64_t Offset = 0;
+        if (signedValue(*LocalNode, Offset, "a signed local frame offset"))
+          return true;
+        Description.LocalOffset = Offset;
+      }
+      MachineVariableDebugInfo DebugInfo;
+      if (parseVariableDebugInfo(*Element, Function, DebugInfo))
+        return true;
+      if (DebugInfo.Variable || DebugInfo.Expression || DebugInfo.Location)
+        Description.DebugInfo = std::move(DebugInfo);
+
+      auto Created = Function.frameInfo().createObject(std::move(Description));
+      if (!Created)
+        return importError(Element->range(), Created.error());
+      MIFrameObjectSlot Slot{
+          .TextID = TextID,
+          .Index = *Created,
+          .Name = std::nullopt,
+      };
+      if (const StackObjectDesc *CreatedDescription =
+              Function.frameInfo().object(*Created)->description();
+          CreatedDescription != nullptr && CreatedDescription->AllocaName) {
+        Slot.Name = *CreatedDescription->AllocaName;
+      }
+      (Fixed ? Context.FixedStackObjects : Context.StackObjects).push_back(std::move(Slot));
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *Fixed = mappingValue(Root, "fixedStack")) {
+    if (ParseList(*Fixed, true))
+      return true;
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Stack = mappingValue(Root, "stack")) {
+    if (ParseList(*Stack, false))
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFrameReference(const yaml::Node &Node, const MIParserContext &Context,
+                                            FrameIndex &Index) {
+  std::string_view Text;
+  if (scalar(Node, Text, "frame index"))
+    return true;
+  bool Fixed = false;
+  std::optional<std::uint32_t> ID = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%stack.");
+  if (!ID) {
+    ID = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%fixed-stack.");
+    Fixed = true;
+  }
+  if (!ID)
+    return fail(Node.range(), "frame index must use '%stack.N' or '%fixed-stack.N'");
+  const auto &Slots = Fixed ? Context.FixedStackObjects : Context.StackObjects;
+  const auto Found = std::ranges::find_if(
+      Slots, [ID](const MIFrameObjectSlot &Slot) { return Slot.TextID == *ID; });
+  if (Found == Slots.end())
+    return fail(Node.range(), "reference to undefined frame object");
+  Index = Found->Index;
+  return false;
+}
+
+MachineBasicBlock *MIRDocumentParser::blockAt(MachineFunction &Function,
+                                              std::uint32_t Number) const noexcept {
+  for (MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr; Block = Block->next()) {
+    if (Block->denseNumber() == Number)
+      return Block;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+MachineInstr *MIRDocumentParser::instructionAt(MachineFunction &Function, std::uint32_t BlockNumber,
+                                               std::uint32_t Offset) const noexcept {
+  MachineBasicBlock *Block = blockAt(Function, BlockNumber);
+  if (Block == nullptr)
+    return nullptr;
+  MachineInstr *Instruction = Block->firstInstruction();
+  for (std::uint32_t Index = 0; Instruction != nullptr && Index < Offset; ++Index)
+    Instruction = Instruction->next();
+  return Instruction;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseBlockReference(std::string_view Text, const TextRange &Range,
+                                            MachineFunction &Function, MachineBasicBlock *&Block) {
+  const auto Number = parsePrefixedID(Text, "%bb.");
+  if (!Number)
+    return fail(Range, "basic block reference must use the '%bb.N' MIR spelling");
+  Block = blockAt(Function, *Number);
+  if (Block == nullptr)
+    return fail(Range, "reference to undefined machine basic block");
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseSaveRestorePoints(const yaml::Node &Node, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                               std::vector<MachineFrameSaveRestorePoint> &Points) {
+  if (requireKind(Node, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "frame save/restore points"))
+    return true;
+  constexpr std::array Keys{
+      std::string_view{"point"},
+      std::string_view{"registers"},
+  };
+  for (const yaml::NodeID PointID : Node.sequence()) {
+    const yaml::Node *PointNode = node(PointID);
+    if (PointNode == nullptr ||
+        requireKind(*PointNode, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "frame save/restore point") ||
+        validateKeys(*PointNode, Keys, "frame save/restore point")) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const yaml::Node *BlockNode = mappingValue(*PointNode, "point");
+    if (BlockNode == nullptr)
+      return fail(PointNode->range(), "frame save/restore point requires 'point'");
+    std::string_view BlockText;
+    MachineBasicBlock *Block = nullptr;
+    if (scalar(*BlockNode, BlockText, "basic block reference") ||
+        parseBlockReference(BlockText, BlockNode->range(), Function, Block)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (Block == nullptr)
+      return fail(BlockNode->range(), "reference to undefined machine basic block");
+    MachineFrameSaveRestorePoint Point{.Block = Block->stableID(), .Registers = {}};
+    if (const yaml::Node *RegistersNode = mappingValue(*PointNode, "registers")) {
+      if (requireKind(*RegistersNode, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "save/restore point registers")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      for (const yaml::NodeID RegID : RegistersNode->sequence()) {
+        const yaml::Node *RegNode = node(RegID);
+        PhysicalRegister Reg;
+        if (RegNode == nullptr || physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
+          return true;
+        Point.Registers.push_back(Reg);
+      }
+    }
+    Points.push_back(std::move(Point));
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFrameState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                        const MIParserContext &Context) {
+  const yaml::Node *Frame = mappingValue(Root, "frameInfo");
+  if (Frame == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  if (requireKind(*Frame, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "frameInfo"))
+    return true;
+  constexpr std::array Keys{
+      std::string_view{"isFrameAddressTaken"},
+      std::string_view{"isReturnAddressTaken"},
+      std::string_view{"hasStackMap"},
+      std::string_view{"hasPatchPoint"},
+      std::string_view{"stackSize"},
+      std::string_view{"offsetAdjustment"},
+      std::string_view{"maxAlignment"},
+      std::string_view{"adjustsStack"},
+      std::string_view{"hasCalls"},
+      std::string_view{"framePointerPolicy"},
+      std::string_view{"stackProtector"},
+      std::string_view{"functionContext"},
+      std::string_view{"maxCallFrameSize"},
+      std::string_view{"cvBytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters"},
+      std::string_view{"hasOpaqueSPAdjustment"},
+      std::string_view{"hasVAStart"},
+      std::string_view{"hasMustTailInVarArgFunc"},
+      std::string_view{"hasTailCall"},
+      std::string_view{"isCalleeSavedInfoValid"},
+      std::string_view{"localFrameSize"},
+      std::string_view{"savePoint"},
+      std::string_view{"restorePoint"},
+  };
+  if (validateKeys(*Frame, Keys, "frameInfo"))
+    return true;
+
+  MachineFrameState State = Function.frameInfo().state();
+  const std::array BoolBindings{
+      std::pair{"isFrameAddressTaken", &State.IsFrameAddressTaken},
+      std::pair{"isReturnAddressTaken", &State.IsReturnAddressTaken},
+      std::pair{"hasStackMap", &State.HasStackMap},
+      std::pair{"hasPatchPoint", &State.HasPatchPoint},
+      std::pair{"adjustsStack", &State.AdjustsStack},
+      std::pair{"hasCalls", &State.HasCalls},
+      std::pair{"hasOpaqueSPAdjustment", &State.HasOpaqueSPAdjustment},
+      std::pair{"hasVAStart", &State.HasVAStart},
+      std::pair{"hasMustTailInVarArgFunc", &State.HasMustTailInVarArgFunc},
+      std::pair{"hasTailCall", &State.HasTailCall},
+      std::pair{"isCalleeSavedInfoValid", &State.IsCalleeSavedInfoValid},
+  };
+  for (const auto &[Key, Destination] : BoolBindings) {
+    if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, Key)) {
+      if (boolean(*Value, *Destination))
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "stackSize")) {
+    if (unsignedValue(*Value, State.StackSize, "an unsigned stack size"))
+      return true;
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "offsetAdjustment")) {
+    std::int64_t Wide = 0;
+    if (signedValue(*Value, Wide, "a 32-bit signed offset adjustment") ||
+        Wide < std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min() ||
+        Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max()) {
+      return fail(Value->range(), "offset adjustment is outside the 32-bit signed range");
+    }
+    State.OffsetAdjustment = static_cast<std::int32_t>(Wide);
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "maxAlignment")) {
+    std::uint64_t Bytes = 0;
+    if (unsignedValue(*Value, Bytes, "an unsigned maximum alignment"))
+      return true;
+    if (Bytes == 0) {
+      State.MaxAlignment.reset();
+    } else {
+      auto Parsed = Alignment::create(Bytes);
+      if (!Parsed)
+        return importError(Value->range(), Parsed.error());
+      State.MaxAlignment = *Parsed;
+    }
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "framePointerPolicy")) {
+    std::string_view Name;
+    if (scalar(*Value, Name, "frame-pointer policy"))
+      return true;
+    const auto Policy = parseMachineFramePointerPolicy(Name);
+    if (!Policy)
+      return fail(Value->range(), "unknown frame-pointer policy '" + std::string(Name) + "'");
+    State.FramePointerPolicy = *Policy;
+  }
+  for (const auto &[Key, Destination] : {std::pair{"stackProtector", &State.StackProtector},
+                                         std::pair{"functionContext", &State.FunctionContext}}) {
+    if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, Key)) {
+      FrameIndex Index;
+      if (parseFrameReference(*Value, Context, Index))
+        return true;
+      *Destination = Index;
+    }
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "maxCallFrameSize")) {
+    std::uint64_t Size = 0;
+    if (unsignedValue(*Value, Size, "a 32-bit unsigned maximum call-frame size") ||
+        Size > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+      return fail(Value->range(), "maximum call-frame size is outside the 32-bit unsigned range");
+    }
+    State.MaxCallFrameSize = Size;
+  }
+  for (const auto &[Key, Destination] :
+       {std::pair{"cvBytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters", &State.CVBytesOfCalleeSavedRegisters},
+        std::pair{"localFrameSize", &State.LocalFrameSize}}) {
+    if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, Key)) {
+      std::uint64_t Wide = 0;
+      if (unsignedValue(*Value, Wide, "a 32-bit unsigned frame value") ||
+          Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        return fail(Value->range(), "frame value is outside the 32-bit unsigned range");
+      }
+      *Destination = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Wide);
+    }
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "savePoint")) {
+    if (parseSaveRestorePoints(*Value, Function, State.SavePoints))
+      return true;
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *Value = mappingValue(*Frame, "restorePoint")) {
+    if (parseSaveRestorePoints(*Value, Function, State.RestorePoints))
+      return true;
+  }
+  auto StateResult = Function.frameInfo().setState(std::move(State));
+  if (!StateResult)
+    return importError(Frame->range(), StateResult.error());
+  return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFunctionParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFunctionParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07cb2b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFunctionParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseBool;
+using parser_detail::parsePrefixedID;
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+using parser_detail::trim;
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFunctionScalars(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                             MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo) {
+  if (const yaml::Node *AlignNode = mappingValue(Root, "alignment")) {
+    Alignment Align;
+    if (alignment(*AlignNode, Align, true))
+      return true;
+    if (Align.bytes() != 1 || AlignNode->scalar() != "0")
+      Function.attributes().setAlignment(Align);
+  }
+
+  constexpr std::array PropertyBindings{
+      std::pair{"legalized", MachineFunctionProperty::Legalized},
+      std::pair{"regBankSelected", MachineFunctionProperty::RegBankSelected},
+      std::pair{"selected", MachineFunctionProperty::Selected},
+      std::pair{"failedISel", MachineFunctionProperty::FailedISel},
+      std::pair{"tracksRegLiveness", MachineFunctionProperty::TracksLiveness},
+      std::pair{"noPhis", MachineFunctionProperty::NoPHIs},
+      std::pair{"isSSA", MachineFunctionProperty::IsSSA},
+      std::pair{"noVRegs", MachineFunctionProperty::NoVRegs},
+      std::pair{"failsVerification", MachineFunctionProperty::FailsVerification},
+  };
+  for (const auto &[Key, Property] : PropertyBindings) {
+    const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(Root, Key);
+    if (ValueNode == nullptr)
+      continue;
+    bool Value = false;
+    if (boolean(*ValueNode, Value))
+      return true;
+    if (Value)
+      Function.properties().set(Property);
+    else
+      Function.properties().clear(Property);
+    if (Key == std::string_view("noPhis"))
+      DocumentInfo.NoPHIs = Value;
+    else if (Key == std::string_view("isSSA"))
+      DocumentInfo.IsSSA = Value;
+    else if (Key == std::string_view("noVRegs"))
+      DocumentInfo.NoVRegs = Value;
+  }
+
+  constexpr std::array AttributeBindings{
+      std::pair{"exposesReturnsTwice", MachineFunctionAttribute::ExposesReturnsTwice},
+      std::pair{"hasWinCFI", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasWinCFI},
+      std::pair{"hasFakeUses", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasFakeUses},
+      std::pair{"callsEHReturn", MachineFunctionAttribute::CallsEHReturn},
+      std::pair{"callsUnwindInit", MachineFunctionAttribute::CallsUnwindInit},
+      std::pair{"hasEHContTarget", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasEHContTarget},
+      std::pair{"hasEHScopes", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasEHScopes},
+      std::pair{"hasEHFunclets", MachineFunctionAttribute::HasEHFunclets},
+      std::pair{"isOutlined", MachineFunctionAttribute::IsOutlined},
+      std::pair{"debugInstrRef", MachineFunctionAttribute::DebugInstrRef},
+      std::pair{"tracksDebugUserValues", MachineFunctionAttribute::TracksDebugUserValues},
+  };
+  for (const auto &[Key, Attribute] : AttributeBindings) {
+    const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(Root, Key);
+    if (ValueNode == nullptr)
+      continue;
+    bool Value = false;
+    if (boolean(*ValueNode, Value))
+      return true;
+    if (Value)
+      Function.attributes().set(Attribute);
+    else
+      Function.attributes().clear(Attribute);
+    if (Key == std::string_view("hasFakeUses"))
+      DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses = Value;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::recomputeProperties(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                            const MIRFunctionDocumentInfo &DocumentInfo) {
+  bool HasPHI = false;
+  bool HasFakeUse = false;
+  bool IsSSA = true;
+  bool HasTiedOperands = false;
+  bool AllTiedOperandsRewritten = true;
+  bool HasFrameIndex = false;
+  bool HasExecutablePseudo = false;
+  std::unordered_set<Register> Definitions;
+  for (const MachineBasicBlock *Block = Function.firstBlock(); Block != nullptr;
+       Block = Block->next()) {
+    for (const MachineInstr *Instruction = Block->firstInstruction(); Instruction != nullptr;
+         Instruction = Instruction->next()) {
+      const InstructionDescriptor *Descriptor = Target.instructionDescriptor(Instruction->opcode());
+      if (Descriptor == nullptr)
+        return fail(Root.range(), "instruction has no target descriptor");
+      HasPHI |= Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::Phi);
+      HasFakeUse |= Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::FakeUse);
+      HasExecutablePseudo |= Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::Pseudo) &&
+                             !Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::Meta) &&
+                             !Descriptor->Flags.has(InstructionFlag::TerminalEmission);
+      const auto Operands = Instruction->operands();
+      for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Operands.size(); ++Index) {
+        const MachineOperand &Operand = Operands[Index];
+        HasFrameIndex |= Operand.getIf<FrameIndexOperand>() != nullptr;
+        const auto Reg = Operand.registerValue();
+        if (Reg && Reg->isVirtual() && Operand.isDef() && !Definitions.insert(*Reg).second) {
+          IsSSA = false;
+        }
+        if (!Operand.tiedOperandIndex() || !Operand.isUse())
+          continue;
+        HasTiedOperands = true;
+        const MachineOperand *Definition = Instruction->operandAt(*Operand.tiedOperandIndex());
+        if (Definition == nullptr || Definition->registerValue() != Reg)
+          AllTiedOperandsRewritten = false;
+      }
+      for (const MachineMemOperand *Memory : Instruction->memOperands())
+        HasFrameIndex |= Memory->description().Base.frameIndex().has_value();
+    }
+  }
+  const bool NoPHIs = !HasPHI;
+  const bool NoVRegs =
+      std::ranges::none_of(Function.registerInfo().virtualRegisters(),
+                           [](const VirtualRegisterInfo &Info) { return !Info.IsTombstone; });
+
+  const auto ApplyComputed = [this, &Root, &Function](std::optional<bool> Explicit, bool Computed,
+                                                      MachineFunctionProperty Property,
+                                                      std::string_view Name) -> bool {
+    if (Explicit && *Explicit && !Computed) {
+      return fail(Root.range(), "explicit property '" + std::string(Name) +
+                                    "' conflicts with the parsed machine function");
+    }
+    if (Explicit.value_or(Computed))
+      Function.properties().set(Property);
+    else
+      Function.properties().clear(Property);
+    return false;
+  };
+  if (ApplyComputed(DocumentInfo.NoPHIs, NoPHIs, MachineFunctionProperty::NoPHIs, "noPhis") ||
+      ApplyComputed(DocumentInfo.IsSSA, IsSSA, MachineFunctionProperty::IsSSA, "isSSA") ||
+      ApplyComputed(DocumentInfo.NoVRegs, NoVRegs, MachineFunctionProperty::NoVRegs, "noVRegs")) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses && !*DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses && HasFakeUse) {
+    return fail(Root.range(),
+                "explicit property 'hasFakeUses: false' conflicts with a fake-use instruction");
+  }
+  if (DocumentInfo.HasFakeUses.value_or(HasFakeUse))
+    Function.attributes().set(MachineFunctionAttribute::HasFakeUses);
+  else
+    Function.attributes().clear(MachineFunctionAttribute::HasFakeUses);
+
+  const bool Selected = Function.properties().has(MachineFunctionProperty::Selected);
+  const bool StructurallyPostSSA =
+      Selected && NoPHIs && !Function.properties().has(MachineFunctionProperty::IsSSA);
+  if (AllTiedOperandsRewritten && (HasTiedOperands || StructurallyPostSSA))
+    Function.properties().set(MachineFunctionProperty::TiedOpsRewritten);
+  else
+    Function.properties().clear(MachineFunctionProperty::TiedOpsRewritten);
+
+  if (HasFrameIndex)
+    Function.properties().clear(MachineFunctionProperty::NoFrameIndices);
+  else
+    Function.properties().set(MachineFunctionProperty::NoFrameIndices);
+
+  const MachineFrameState &FrameState = Function.frameInfo().state();
+  const bool StructurallyFinalizedFrame = Selected && NoVRegs && !HasFrameIndex &&
+                                          FrameState.IsCalleeSavedInfoValid &&
+                                          FrameState.MaxAlignment.has_value();
+  if (StructurallyFinalizedFrame) {
+    if (!Function.frameInfo().isFrozen()) {
+      auto Frozen = Function.frameInfo().freeze(FrameState.StackSize, *FrameState.MaxAlignment);
+      if (!Frozen)
+        return importError(Root.range(), Frozen.error(), "mir-frame-finalization");
+    }
+    Function.properties().set(MachineFunctionProperty::FrameFinalized);
+  } else {
+    Function.properties().clear(MachineFunctionProperty::FrameFinalized);
+  }
+
+  if (StructurallyFinalizedFrame && !HasExecutablePseudo)
+    Function.properties().set(MachineFunctionProperty::NoExecutablePseudos);
+  else
+    Function.properties().clear(MachineFunctionProperty::NoExecutablePseudos);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseRegisters(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                       MIParserContext &Context) {
+  const yaml::Node *Registers = mappingValue(Root, "registers");
+  if (Registers != nullptr) {
+    if (requireKind(*Registers, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "registers"))
+      return true;
+    constexpr std::array RegisterKeys{
+        std::string_view{"id"},
+        std::string_view{"class"},
+        std::string_view{"preferred-register"},
+        std::string_view{"flags"},
+    };
+    std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> IDs;
+    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : Registers->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
+      if (Element == nullptr || requireKind(*Element, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "register entry") ||
+          validateKeys(*Element, RegisterKeys, "register")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const yaml::Node *IDNode = mappingValue(*Element, "id");
+      const yaml::Node *ClassNode = mappingValue(*Element, "class");
+      if (IDNode == nullptr || ClassNode == nullptr)
+        return fail(Element->range(), "register entry requires 'id' and 'class'");
+      std::uint64_t WideID = 0;
+      std::string_view ClassName;
+      if (unsignedValue(*IDNode, WideID, "a 32-bit virtual-register ID") ||
+          WideID > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max() ||
+          scalar(*ClassNode, ClassName, "register class or bank")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const auto TextID = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideID);
+      if (!IDs.insert(TextID).second)
+        return fail(IDNode->range(), "duplicate virtual register ID");
+      auto Created = Function.registerInfo().createVirtualRegister();
+      if (!Created)
+        return importError(IDNode->range(), Created.error());
+      Context.VirtualRegisters.push_back({TextID, *Created});
+
+      if (ClassName != "_") {
+        if (const RegisterClassDesc *Class = Target.registers().registerClass(ClassName)) {
+          auto SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterClass(*Created, Class->ID);
+          if (!SetResult)
+            return importError(ClassNode->range(), SetResult.error());
+          SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterBank(*Created, Class->DefaultBank);
+          if (!SetResult)
+            return importError(ClassNode->range(), SetResult.error());
+        } else if (const RegisterBankDesc *Bank = Target.registers().registerBank(ClassName)) {
+          auto SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setRegisterBank(*Created, Bank->ID);
+          if (!SetResult)
+            return importError(ClassNode->range(), SetResult.error());
+        } else {
+          return fail(ClassNode->range(),
+                      "unknown register class or bank '" + std::string(ClassName) + "'");
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (const yaml::Node *Preferred = mappingValue(*Element, "preferred-register")) {
+        PhysicalRegister Reg;
+        if (physicalRegister(*Preferred, Reg))
+          return true;
+        auto AddResult = Function.registerInfo().addAllocationHint(*Created, Reg);
+        if (!AddResult)
+          return importError(Preferred->range(), AddResult.error());
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *Flags = mappingValue(*Element, "flags")) {
+        if (requireKind(*Flags, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "virtual-register flags"))
+          return true;
+        std::uint8_t Mask = 0;
+        for (const yaml::NodeID FlagID : Flags->sequence()) {
+          const yaml::Node *FlagNode = node(FlagID);
+          std::string_view Name;
+          if (FlagNode == nullptr || scalar(*FlagNode, Name, "virtual-register flag"))
+            return true;
+          const auto Flag = Target.mirText().virtualRegisterFlag(Name);
+          if (!Flag)
+            return fail(FlagNode->range(),
+                        "unknown virtual-register flag '" + std::string(Name) + "'");
+          if ((Mask & *Flag) != 0)
+            return fail(FlagNode->range(), "duplicate virtual-register flag");
+          Mask = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(Mask | *Flag);
+        }
+        auto SetResult = Function.registerInfo().setTargetRegisterFlags(*Created, Mask);
+        if (!SetResult)
+          return importError(Flags->range(), SetResult.error());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const yaml::Node *LiveIns = mappingValue(Root, "liveins");
+  if (LiveIns != nullptr) {
+    if (requireKind(*LiveIns, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "liveins"))
+      return true;
+    constexpr std::array LiveInKeys{
+        std::string_view{"reg"},
+        std::string_view{"virtual-reg"},
+    };
+    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : LiveIns->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
+      if (Element == nullptr || requireKind(*Element, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "live-in entry") ||
+          validateKeys(*Element, LiveInKeys, "live-in")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const yaml::Node *RegNode = mappingValue(*Element, "reg");
+      if (RegNode == nullptr)
+        return fail(Element->range(), "live-in entry requires 'reg'");
+      PhysicalRegister Reg;
+      if (physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
+        return true;
+      std::optional<Register> Initial;
+      if (const yaml::Node *VirtualNode = mappingValue(*Element, "virtual-reg")) {
+        std::string_view Text;
+        Register Virtual;
+        if (scalar(*VirtualNode, Text, "virtual register") ||
+            virtualRegister(Text, VirtualNode->range(), Context, Virtual)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        Initial = Virtual;
+      }
+      auto AddResult = Function.registerInfo().addLiveIn(Reg, Initial);
+      if (!AddResult)
+        return importError(Element->range(), AddResult.error());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *CalleeSaved = mappingValue(Root, "calleeSavedRegisters")) {
+    if (requireKind(*CalleeSaved, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "callee-saved registers"))
+      return true;
+    std::vector<PhysicalRegister> RegistersValue;
+    for (const yaml::NodeID RegID : CalleeSaved->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *RegNode = node(RegID);
+      PhysicalRegister Reg;
+      if (RegNode == nullptr || physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
+        return true;
+      RegistersValue.push_back(Reg);
+    }
+    auto SetResult = Function.records().setCalleeSavedRegisters(std::move(RegistersValue));
+    if (!SetResult)
+      return importError(CalleeSaved->range(), SetResult.error());
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+TextRange MIRDocumentParser::bodyDiagnosticRange(const yaml::Node &Body,
+                                                 const TextRange &BodyRange) const noexcept {
+  if (Body.scalarStyle() != yaml::ScalarStyle::Literal)
+    return Body.range();
+
+  const std::size_t FirstBodyLine = Body.range().Begin.Line + 1U;
+  const std::size_t LastBodyLine = Body.range().End.Line;
+  if (FirstBodyLine > LastBodyLine || FirstBodyLine == 0)
+    return Body.range();
+
+  std::size_t Indent = 0;
+  bool FoundContent = false;
+  for (std::size_t Line = FirstBodyLine; Line <= LastBodyLine; ++Line) {
+    const std::string_view Text = Result.Source.line(Line);
+    std::size_t CurrentIndent = 0;
+    while (CurrentIndent < Text.size() && Text[CurrentIndent] == ' ')
+      ++CurrentIndent;
+    if (CurrentIndent == Text.size())
+      continue;
+    Indent = CurrentIndent;
+    FoundContent = true;
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!FoundContent)
+    return Body.range();
+
+  const TextPosition Fallback = Body.range().Begin;
+  const auto MapPosition = [this, FirstBodyLine, LastBodyLine, Indent,
+                            Fallback](TextPosition Position) {
+    const std::size_t SourceLine = FirstBodyLine + Position.Line - 1U;
+    if (Position.Line == 0 || SourceLine > LastBodyLine || SourceLine > Result.Source.lineCount()) {
+      return Fallback;
+    }
+    const std::string_view SourceLineText = Result.Source.line(SourceLine);
+    const std::size_t BodyColumn = Position.Column == 0 ? 0 : Position.Column - 1U;
+    const std::size_t SourceColumn = std::min(Indent + BodyColumn, SourceLineText.size());
+    const std::size_t Offset = Result.Source.lineOffsets()[SourceLine - 1U] + SourceColumn;
+    return Result.Source.positionAt(Offset);
+  };
+  return {.Begin = MapPosition(BodyRange.Begin), .End = MapPosition(BodyRange.End)};
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseBody(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                  MIParserContext &Context) {
+  const yaml::Node *Body = mappingValue(Root, "body");
+  std::string BodyText;
+  TextRange BodyRange = Root.range();
+  if (Body != nullptr) {
+    std::string_view Text;
+    if (scalar(*Body, Text, "machine function body"))
+      return true;
+    BodyText = Text;
+    BodyRange = Body->range();
+  }
+
+  if (Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits != 0)
+    Context.DefaultPointerSizeInBits = Options.DefaultPointerSizeInBits;
+  if (!effectiveDataLayout().empty()) {
+    const LLVMConstantSyntaxOptions PointerOptions = pointerLayoutOptions();
+    Context.PointerSizeInBits = [PointerOptions](std::uint32_t AddressSpace) {
+      return llvmPointerSizeInBits(AddressSpace, PointerOptions);
+    };
+  }
+  Context.SyncScopes = ActiveDocument->SyncScopes;
+  Context.InternSyncScope = [this](std::string_view Name) -> Expected<SyncScopeID> {
+    if (Name.empty())
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "synchronization scope name cannot be empty");
+    const auto Existing =
+        std::ranges::find_if(ActiveDocument->SyncScopes,
+                             [Name](const MISyncScopeSlot &Slot) { return Slot.Name == Name; });
+    if (Existing != ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.end())
+      return Existing->ID;
+    if (ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.size() >=
+        static_cast<std::size_t>(std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max())) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::Unsupported,
+                            "MIR document contains too many synchronization scopes");
+    }
+    const auto ID =
+        SyncScopeID::fromValue(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.size() + 1U));
+    ActiveDocument->SyncScopes.push_back({.Name = std::string(Name), .ID = ID});
+    return ID;
+  };
+  MIParserOptions BodyOptions = Options.MachineInstructions;
+  BodyOptions.VerifyAfterParse = false;
+  MIParser Parser(Function, Target,
+                  std::string(Result.Source.name()) + ":" + std::string(Function.name()),
+                  std::move(BodyText), Context, BodyOptions);
+  auto Parsed = Parser.parse();
+  if (!Parsed) {
+    if (!Parser.diagnostics().empty()) {
+      const TextRange Range = Body == nullptr
+                                  ? BodyRange
+                                  : bodyDiagnosticRange(*Body, Parser.diagnostics().front().Range);
+      return fail(Range, Parser.diagnostics().front().Message, "mir-body");
+    }
+    return importError(BodyRange, Parsed.error(), "mir-body");
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::convertTargetNode(const yaml::Node &Source, MIRTargetNode &Destination) {
+  switch (Source.kind()) {
+  case yaml::NodeKind::Null:
+    Destination = MIRTargetNode::null();
+    return false;
+  case yaml::NodeKind::Scalar:
+    Destination = MIRTargetNode::scalar(std::string(Source.scalar()));
+    return false;
+  case yaml::NodeKind::Sequence: {
+    std::vector<MIRTargetNode> Values;
+    Values.reserve(Source.sequence().size());
+    for (const yaml::NodeID ElementID : Source.sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *Element = node(ElementID);
+      if (Element == nullptr)
+        return fail(Source.range(), "target MIR sequence contains an invalid node");
+      MIRTargetNode Value;
+      if (convertTargetNode(*Element, Value))
+        return true;
+      Values.push_back(std::move(Value));
+    }
+    Destination = MIRTargetNode::sequence(std::move(Values));
+    return false;
+  }
+  case yaml::NodeKind::Mapping: {
+    std::vector<MIRTargetMappingEntry> Entries;
+    Entries.reserve(Source.mapping().size());
+    for (const yaml::MappingEntry &SourceEntry : Source.mapping()) {
+      const yaml::Node *ValueNode = node(SourceEntry.Value);
+      if (ValueNode == nullptr)
+        return fail(SourceEntry.KeyRange, "target MIR mapping contains an invalid node");
+      MIRTargetNode Value;
+      if (convertTargetNode(*ValueNode, Value))
+        return true;
+      Entries.push_back({SourceEntry.Key, std::move(Value)});
+    }
+    Destination = MIRTargetNode::mapping(std::move(Entries));
+    return false;
+  }
+  }
+  return fail(Source.range(), "target MIR node has an unknown kind");
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseTargetState(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function) {
+  const yaml::Node *StateNode = mappingValue(Root, "machineFunctionInfo");
+  if (StateNode == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  MIRTargetNode TargetNode;
+  if (convertTargetNode(*StateNode, TargetNode))
+    return true;
+  auto State = Target.mirText().parseFunctionState(TargetNode);
+  if (!State)
+    return importError(StateNode->range(), State.error(), "mir-target-state");
+  auto SetResult = Function.setTargetState(std::move(*State));
+  if (!SetResult)
+    return importError(StateNode->range(), SetResult.error(), "mir-target-state");
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::validateDocumentReferences(const MachineFunction &Function) {
+  auto Verification = verifyMIRDocumentReferences(*ActiveDocument, Function, true);
+  if (Verification)
+    return false;
+  return importError(Result.Source.range(0, 0), Verification.error());
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFunctionRecordsParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFunctionRecordsParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcd486e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRFunctionRecordsParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseBool;
+using parser_detail::parsePrefixedID;
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+using parser_detail::trim;
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseFunctionRecords(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function) {
+  auto ParseLocation = [this, &Function](const yaml::Node &Entry,
+                                         MachineInstr *&Instruction) -> bool {
+    const yaml::Node *BlockNode = mappingValue(Entry, "bb");
+    const yaml::Node *OffsetNode = mappingValue(Entry, "offset");
+    if (BlockNode == nullptr || OffsetNode == nullptr)
+      return fail(Entry.range(), "instruction location requires 'bb' and 'offset'");
+    std::uint64_t Block = 0;
+    std::uint64_t Offset = 0;
+    if (unsignedValue(*BlockNode, Block, "a 32-bit basic block number") ||
+        unsignedValue(*OffsetNode, Offset, "a 32-bit instruction offset") ||
+        Block > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max() ||
+        Offset > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    Instruction = instructionAt(Function, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Block),
+                                static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Offset));
+    if (Instruction == nullptr)
+      return fail(Entry.range(), "instruction location is outside the machine function body");
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *CallSites = mappingValue(Root, "callSites")) {
+    if (requireKind(*CallSites, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "call-site records"))
+      return true;
+    constexpr std::array CallSiteKeys{
+        std::string_view{"bb"},
+        std::string_view{"offset"},
+        std::string_view{"fwdArgRegs"},
+        std::string_view{"calleeTypeIds"},
+    };
+    constexpr std::array ArgumentKeys{
+        std::string_view{"arg"},
+        std::string_view{"reg"},
+    };
+    for (const yaml::NodeID CallSiteID : CallSites->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *CallSiteNode = node(CallSiteID);
+      if (CallSiteNode == nullptr ||
+          requireKind(*CallSiteNode, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "call-site record") ||
+          validateKeys(*CallSiteNode, CallSiteKeys, "call-site record")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      MachineInstr *Call = nullptr;
+      if (ParseLocation(*CallSiteNode, Call))
+        return true;
+      if (Call == nullptr)
+        return fail(CallSiteNode->range(),
+                    "instruction location is outside the machine function body");
+      MachineCallSiteInfo Info{
+          .CallInstruction = Call->stableID(),
+          .ForwardedArguments = {},
+          .CalleeTypeIDs = {},
+      };
+      if (const yaml::Node *Arguments = mappingValue(*CallSiteNode, "fwdArgRegs")) {
+        if (requireKind(*Arguments, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "forwarded call arguments")) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        for (const yaml::NodeID ArgumentID : Arguments->sequence()) {
+          const yaml::Node *Argument = node(ArgumentID);
+          if (Argument == nullptr ||
+              requireKind(*Argument, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "forwarded call argument") ||
+              validateKeys(*Argument, ArgumentKeys, "forwarded call argument")) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          const yaml::Node *NumberNode = mappingValue(*Argument, "arg");
+          const yaml::Node *RegNode = mappingValue(*Argument, "reg");
+          if (NumberNode == nullptr || RegNode == nullptr)
+            return fail(Argument->range(), "forwarded call argument requires 'arg' and 'reg'");
+          std::uint16_t Number = 0;
+          std::uint64_t WideNumber = 0;
+          PhysicalRegister Reg;
+          if (unsignedValue(*NumberNode, WideNumber, "a 16-bit argument number") ||
+              WideNumber > std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max() ||
+              physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          Number = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(WideNumber);
+          Info.ForwardedArguments.push_back({Reg, Number});
+        }
+      }
+      if (const yaml::Node *TypeIDs = mappingValue(*CallSiteNode, "calleeTypeIds")) {
+        if (requireKind(*TypeIDs, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "callee type IDs"))
+          return true;
+        for (const yaml::NodeID TypeID : TypeIDs->sequence()) {
+          const yaml::Node *TypeNode = node(TypeID);
+          std::uint64_t Value = 0;
+          if (TypeNode == nullptr ||
+              unsignedValue(*TypeNode, Value, "an unsigned callee type ID")) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          Info.CalleeTypeIDs.push_back(Value);
+        }
+      }
+      auto AddResult = Function.records().addCallSite(std::move(Info));
+      if (!AddResult)
+        return importError(CallSiteNode->range(), AddResult.error());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *CalledGlobals = mappingValue(Root, "calledGlobals")) {
+    if (requireKind(*CalledGlobals, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "called-global records"))
+      return true;
+    constexpr std::array Keys{
+        std::string_view{"bb"},
+        std::string_view{"offset"},
+        std::string_view{"callee"},
+        std::string_view{"flags"},
+    };
+    for (const yaml::NodeID CalledID : CalledGlobals->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *CalledNode = node(CalledID);
+      if (CalledNode == nullptr ||
+          requireKind(*CalledNode, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "called-global record") ||
+          validateKeys(*CalledNode, Keys, "called-global record")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      MachineInstr *Call = nullptr;
+      if (ParseLocation(*CalledNode, Call))
+        return true;
+      if (Call == nullptr)
+        return fail(CalledNode->range(),
+                    "instruction location is outside the machine function body");
+      const yaml::Node *CalleeNode = mappingValue(*CalledNode, "callee");
+      const yaml::Node *FlagsNode = mappingValue(*CalledNode, "flags");
+      if (CalleeNode == nullptr || FlagsNode == nullptr)
+        return fail(CalledNode->range(), "called-global record requires 'callee' and 'flags'");
+      std::string_view Callee;
+      std::uint64_t WideFlags = 0;
+      if (scalar(*CalleeNode, Callee, "callee name") ||
+          unsignedValue(*FlagsNode, WideFlags, "32-bit called-global flags") ||
+          WideFlags > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR && !ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->hasGlobalValue(Callee)) {
+        return fail(CalleeNode->range(), "called global references an undefined embedded global");
+      }
+      auto AddResult =
+          Function.records().addCalledGlobal({.CallInstruction = Call->stableID(),
+                                              .Callee = std::string(Callee),
+                                              .Flags = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(WideFlags)});
+      if (!AddResult)
+        return importError(CalledNode->range(), AddResult.error());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *Substitutions = mappingValue(Root, "debugValueSubstitutions")) {
+    if (requireKind(*Substitutions, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "debug value substitutions")) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    constexpr std::array Keys{
+        std::string_view{"srcinst"}, std::string_view{"srcop"},  std::string_view{"dstinst"},
+        std::string_view{"dstop"},   std::string_view{"subreg"},
+    };
+    for (const yaml::NodeID SubstitutionID : Substitutions->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *Substitution = node(SubstitutionID);
+      if (Substitution == nullptr ||
+          requireKind(*Substitution, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "debug value substitution") ||
+          validateKeys(*Substitution, Keys, "debug value substitution")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      std::array<std::uint32_t, 5> Values{};
+      for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Keys.size(); ++Index) {
+        const yaml::Node *ValueNode = mappingValue(*Substitution, Keys[Index]);
+        if (ValueNode == nullptr)
+          return fail(Substitution->range(), "debug value substitution requires every fixed field");
+        std::uint64_t Wide = 0;
+        if (unsignedValue(*ValueNode, Wide, "a 32-bit debug substitution value") ||
+            Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        Values[Index] = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Wide);
+      }
+      auto AddResult = Function.records().addDebugValueSubstitution(
+          {.Source = {Values[0], Values[1]},
+           .Destination = {Values[2], Values[3]},
+           .Subregister = SubRegIndex::fromValue(Values[4])});
+      if (!AddResult)
+        return importError(Substitution->range(), AddResult.error());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *PrefetchTargets = mappingValue(Root, "prefetch-targets")) {
+    if (requireKind(*PrefetchTargets, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "prefetch targets"))
+      return true;
+    for (const yaml::NodeID TargetID : PrefetchTargets->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *TargetNode = node(TargetID);
+      std::string_view Text;
+      if (TargetNode == nullptr || scalar(*TargetNode, Text, "prefetch target"))
+        return true;
+      Text = trim(Text);
+      if (!Text.starts_with("bb_id"))
+        return fail(TargetNode->range(), "prefetch target must start with 'bb_id'");
+      Text = trim(Text.substr(std::string_view("bb_id").size()));
+      std::array<std::uint32_t, 3> Values{};
+      for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Values.size(); ++Index) {
+        const std::size_t Comma = Text.find(',');
+        const std::string_view Part = Index + 1 == Values.size() ? Text : Text.substr(0, Comma);
+        if ((Index + 1 != Values.size() && Comma == std::string_view::npos) ||
+            !parseUnsigned32(trim(Part), Values[Index])) {
+          return fail(TargetNode->range(), "prefetch target has invalid numeric fields");
+        }
+        if (Index + 1 != Values.size())
+          Text = trim(Text.substr(Comma + 1));
+      }
+      auto AddResult = Function.records().addPrefetchTarget(
+          {.Block = {Values[0], Values[1]}, .CallsiteIndex = Values[2]});
+      if (!AddResult)
+        return importError(TargetNode->range(), AddResult.error());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (const yaml::Node *EntryValues = mappingValue(Root, "entry_values")) {
+    if (requireKind(*EntryValues, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "entry values"))
+      return true;
+    constexpr std::array Keys{
+        std::string_view{"entry-value-register"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-variable"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-expression"},
+        std::string_view{"debug-info-location"},
+    };
+    for (const yaml::NodeID EntryID : EntryValues->sequence()) {
+      const yaml::Node *Entry = node(EntryID);
+      if (Entry == nullptr || requireKind(*Entry, yaml::NodeKind::Mapping, "entry value") ||
+          validateKeys(*Entry, Keys, "entry value")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const yaml::Node *RegNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "entry-value-register");
+      const yaml::Node *VariableNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "debug-info-variable");
+      const yaml::Node *ExpressionNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "debug-info-expression");
+      const yaml::Node *LocationNode = mappingValue(*Entry, "debug-info-location");
+      if (RegNode == nullptr || VariableNode == nullptr || ExpressionNode == nullptr ||
+          LocationNode == nullptr) {
+        return fail(Entry->range(), "entry value requires all four fixed fields");
+      }
+      PhysicalRegister Reg;
+      if (physicalRegister(*RegNode, Reg))
+        return true;
+      MachineVariableDebugInfo DebugInfo;
+      if (parseVariableDebugInfo(*Entry, Function, DebugInfo))
+        return true;
+      if (!DebugInfo.Variable || !DebugInfo.Expression || !DebugInfo.Location) {
+        return fail(Entry->range(), "entry value debug metadata cannot be empty",
+                    "mir-debug-metadata");
+      }
+      auto AddResult =
+          Function.records().addEntryValue({.Reg = Reg, .DebugInfo = std::move(DebugInfo)});
+      if (!AddResult)
+        return importError(Entry->range(), AddResult.error());
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ce717b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRDocumentParser.h"
+#include "MIRDocumentReferenceValidation.h"
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionAttributes.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionProperties.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineFunctionRecords.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineJumpTableInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineVerifier.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetDescription.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetMIRTextInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/LLVMConstantSyntax.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseBool;
+using parser_detail::parsePrefixedID;
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+using parser_detail::trim;
+
+Expected<MachineMetadataReference>
+MIRDocumentParser::resolveMetadataReference(const MachineFunction &Function,
+                                            std::uint32_t Slot) const {
+  if (ActiveDocument != nullptr && ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR &&
+      ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->metadata(std::to_string(Slot)) != nullptr) {
+    return MachineMetadataReference::embeddedIR(Slot);
+  }
+  if (Function.metadata().node(Slot) != nullptr)
+    return MachineMetadataReference::machineFunction(Slot);
+  return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                        "metadata reference uses undefined slot '!" + std::to_string(Slot) + "'");
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseVariableDebugInfo(const yaml::Node &Entry, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                               MachineVariableDebugInfo &DebugInfo) {
+  const auto Resolve = [this, &Function](std::uint32_t Slot) {
+    return resolveMetadataReference(Function, Slot);
+  };
+  if (const yaml::Node *VariableNode = mappingValue(Entry, "debug-info-variable")) {
+    std::string_view Text;
+    if (scalar(*VariableNode, Text, "debug variable"))
+      return true;
+    if (!Text.empty()) {
+      MetadataTextParser Parser(std::string(Text), Resolve);
+      auto Reference = Parser.parseReferenceOnly();
+      if (!Reference)
+        return importError(VariableNode->range(), Reference.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
+      if (Reference->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
+        return fail(VariableNode->range(),
+                    "debug variable must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata",
+                    "mir-debug-metadata");
+      }
+      DebugInfo.Variable = *Reference;
+    }
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *ExpressionNode = mappingValue(Entry, "debug-info-expression")) {
+    std::string_view Text;
+    if (scalar(*ExpressionNode, Text, "debug expression"))
+      return true;
+    if (!Text.empty()) {
+      MetadataTextParser Parser(std::string(Text), Resolve);
+      auto Value = Parser.parseValue();
+      if (!Value)
+        return importError(ExpressionNode->range(), Value.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
+      if (Value->reference() != nullptr &&
+          Value->reference()->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
+        return fail(ExpressionNode->range(),
+                    "debug expression reference must use embedded LLVM IR metadata",
+                    "mir-debug-metadata");
+      }
+      DebugInfo.Expression = std::move(*Value);
+    }
+  }
+  if (const yaml::Node *LocationNode = mappingValue(Entry, "debug-info-location")) {
+    std::string_view Text;
+    if (scalar(*LocationNode, Text, "debug location"))
+      return true;
+    if (!Text.empty()) {
+      MetadataTextParser Parser(std::string(Text), Resolve);
+      auto Location = Parser.parseLocation();
+      if (!Location)
+        return importError(LocationNode->range(), Location.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
+      if (Location->reference() != nullptr &&
+          Location->reference()->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
+        return fail(LocationNode->range(),
+                    "variable debug location must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata",
+                    "mir-debug-metadata");
+      }
+      DebugInfo.Location = std::move(*Location);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!DebugInfo.Variable && !DebugInfo.Expression && !DebugInfo.Location)
+    return false;
+  auto Verification = DebugInfo.verifyStructure();
+  if (!Verification)
+    return importError(Entry.range(), Verification.error(), "mir-debug-metadata");
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MIRDocumentParser::parseMetadata(const yaml::Node &Root, MachineFunction &Function,
+                                      MIParserContext &Context) {
+  if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR) {
+    for (const EmbeddedIRMetadataDefinition &Reference :
+         ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->metadataDefinitions()) {
+      std::uint32_t ID = 0;
+      if (!parseUnsigned32(Reference.Name, ID))
+        continue;
+      if (std::ranges::any_of(Context.Metadata,
+                              [ID](const MIMetadataSlot &Slot) { return Slot.TextID == ID; })) {
+        return fail(Root.range(), "embedded LLVM IR metadata slots are not unique");
+      }
+      Context.Metadata.push_back(
+          {.TextID = ID, .Reference = MachineMetadataReference::embeddedIR(ID)});
+    }
+  }
+
+  const yaml::Node *Metadata = mappingValue(Root, "machineMetadataNodes");
+  if (Metadata == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  if (requireKind(*Metadata, yaml::NodeKind::Sequence, "machine metadata nodes"))
+    return true;
+
+  struct Definition final {
+    const yaml::Node *Node = nullptr;
+    std::uint32_t Slot = 0;
+    bool IsDistinct = false;
+    std::string_view Elements;
+  };
+  std::vector<Definition> Definitions;
+  std::unordered_set<std::uint32_t> Slots;
+
+  for (const yaml::NodeID DefinitionID : Metadata->sequence()) {
+    const yaml::Node *DefinitionNode = node(DefinitionID);
+    std::string_view Text;
+    if (DefinitionNode == nullptr || scalar(*DefinitionNode, Text, "machine metadata definition")) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    Text = trim(Text);
+    if (!Text.starts_with('!'))
+      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata definition must start with '!N'");
+    const std::size_t Equals = Text.find('=');
+    if (Equals == std::string_view::npos)
+      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata definition requires '='");
+    std::uint32_t Slot = 0;
+    if (!parseUnsigned32(trim(Text.substr(1, Equals - 1)), Slot))
+      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata definition has an invalid slot");
+    if (!Slots.insert(Slot).second)
+      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "duplicate machine metadata slot");
+    std::string_view Right = trim(Text.substr(Equals + 1));
+    bool IsDistinct = false;
+    if (Right.starts_with("distinct")) {
+      Right = trim(Right.substr(std::string_view("distinct").size()));
+      IsDistinct = true;
+    }
+    if (!Right.starts_with("!{") || !Right.ends_with('}'))
+      return fail(DefinitionNode->range(), "machine metadata node must be a metadata tuple");
+    Definitions.push_back({.Node = DefinitionNode,
+                           .Slot = Slot,
+                           .IsDistinct = IsDistinct,
+                           .Elements = Right.substr(2, Right.size() - 3)});
+    Context.Metadata.push_back(
+        {.TextID = Slot, .Reference = MachineMetadataReference::machineFunction(Slot)});
+  }
+
+  auto ResolveReference = [this,
+                           &Slots](std::uint32_t Slot,
+                                   const TextRange &Range) -> Expected<MachineMetadataElement> {
+    MachineMetadataReference Reference;
+    if (ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR != std::nullopt &&
+        ActiveDocument->EmbeddedIR->metadata(std::to_string(Slot)) != nullptr) {
+      Reference = MachineMetadataReference::embeddedIR(Slot);
+    } else if (Slots.contains(Slot)) {
+      Reference = MachineMetadataReference::machineFunction(Slot);
+    } else {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "metadata tuple references undefined slot '!" +
+                                                       std::to_string(Slot) + "' at line " +
+                                                       std::to_string(Range.Begin.Line));
+    }
+    return MachineMetadataElement::reference(Reference);
+  };
+
+  for (const Definition &Definition : Definitions) {
+    MachineMetadataNode NewNode{
+        .Slot = Definition.Slot,
+        .IsDistinct = Definition.IsDistinct,
+        .Elements = {},
+    };
+    std::string_view Remaining = trim(Definition.Elements);
+    while (!Remaining.empty()) {
+      std::size_t End = 0;
+      bool InString = false;
+      bool Escaped = false;
+      for (; End < Remaining.size(); ++End) {
+        const char Character = Remaining[End];
+        if (InString && Escaped) {
+          Escaped = false;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (InString && Character == '\\') {
+          Escaped = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (Character == '"') {
+          InString = !InString;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!InString && Character == ',')
+          break;
+      }
+      if (InString)
+        return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "unterminated machine metadata string");
+      std::string_view Element = trim(Remaining.substr(0, End));
+      if (Element.empty())
+        return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "empty machine metadata tuple element");
+
+      if (Element == "null") {
+        NewNode.Elements.push_back(MachineMetadataElement::null());
+      } else if (Element.starts_with('!') && Element.size() > 1 && Element[1] >= '0' &&
+                 Element[1] <= '9') {
+        std::uint32_t ReferenceSlot = 0;
+        if (!parseUnsigned32(Element.substr(1), ReferenceSlot))
+          return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "invalid metadata tuple reference");
+        auto Reference = ResolveReference(ReferenceSlot, Definition.Node->range());
+        if (!Reference)
+          return importError(Definition.Node->range(), Reference.error());
+        NewNode.Elements.push_back(std::move(*Reference));
+      } else if (Element.starts_with("!\"") && Element.ends_with('"')) {
+        std::string Value;
+        std::string_view Encoded = Element.substr(2, Element.size() - 3);
+        for (std::size_t Index = 0; Index < Encoded.size(); ++Index) {
+          if (Encoded[Index] == '\\' && Index + 1 < Encoded.size()) {
+            const char EscapedCharacter = Encoded[++Index];
+            if (EscapedCharacter != '\\' && EscapedCharacter != '"')
+              return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "unsupported machine metadata string escape");
+            Value.push_back(EscapedCharacter);
+          } else {
+            Value.push_back(Encoded[Index]);
+          }
+        }
+        NewNode.Elements.push_back(MachineMetadataElement::string(std::move(Value)));
+      } else {
+        return fail(Definition.Node->range(), "unsupported machine metadata tuple element");
+      }
+
+      if (End == Remaining.size())
+        Remaining = {};
+      else
+        Remaining = trim(Remaining.substr(End + 1));
+    }
+    auto AddResult = Function.metadata().addNode(std::move(NewNode));
+    if (!AddResult)
+      return importError(Definition.Node->range(), AddResult.error());
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataTextParser.cpp b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataTextParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b039f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataTextParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "MIRMetadataTextParser.h"
+
+#include "MIRParserUtilities.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/MIDebugSyntax.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+using parser_detail::parseSigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned;
+using parser_detail::parseUnsigned32;
+
+Expected<void> MetadataTextParser::expect(MITokenKind Kind, std::string_view Description) {
+  if (consume(Kind))
+    return {};
+  return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                        "expected " + std::string(Description) + " in MIR metadata scalar");
+}
+
+Expected<void> MetadataTextParser::finish() {
+  while (consume(MITokenKind::Newline)) {
+  }
+  if (Lexer.failed()) {
+    if (!Lexer.diagnostics().empty()) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                            std::string(Lexer.diagnostics().front().Message));
+    }
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "invalid MIR metadata scalar");
+  }
+  if (!at(MITokenKind::EndOfFile))
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "unexpected trailing MIR metadata tokens");
+  return {};
+}
+
+Expected<MachineMetadataReference> MetadataTextParser::parseReference() {
+  if (auto Exclaim = expect(MITokenKind::Exclaim, "'!' before a metadata slot"); !Exclaim)
+    return std::unexpected(Exclaim.error());
+  if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral))
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected a 32-bit metadata slot");
+  std::uint32_t Slot = 0;
+  if (!parseUnsigned32(token().integerValue(), Slot))
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "metadata slot is outside the 32-bit range");
+  advance();
+  return Resolve(Slot);
+}
+
+Expected<MachineMetadataReference> MetadataTextParser::parseReferenceOnly() {
+  auto Reference = parseReference();
+  if (!Reference)
+    return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
+  if (auto Finished = finish(); !Finished)
+    return std::unexpected(Finished.error());
+  return Reference;
+}
+
+Expected<MachineDIExpression> MetadataTextParser::parseExpression() {
+  if (!at(MITokenKind::MetadataKeyword) || !token().isMetadataKeyword("!DIExpression")) {
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected an inline !DIExpression");
+  }
+  advance();
+  if (auto Left = expect(MITokenKind::LeftParen, "'(' after !DIExpression"); !Left)
+    return std::unexpected(Left.error());
+  std::vector<std::uint64_t> Elements;
+  while (!at(MITokenKind::RightParen)) {
+    if (at(MITokenKind::Identifier)) {
+      const auto Opcode = parseDIExpressionOpcodeName(token().stringValue());
+      if (!Opcode) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "unknown DIExpression opcode '" +
+                                                         std::string(token().stringValue()) + "'");
+      }
+      Elements.push_back(*Opcode);
+      advance();
+    } else if (at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral)) {
+      std::int64_t Signed = 0;
+      std::uint64_t Unsigned = 0;
+      if (parseSigned(token().integerValue(), Signed))
+        Elements.push_back(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(Signed));
+      else if (parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Unsigned))
+        Elements.push_back(Unsigned);
+      else
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DIExpression integer exceeds 64 bits");
+      advance();
+    } else {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected a DIExpression opcode or integer");
+    }
+    if (!consume(MITokenKind::Comma))
+      break;
+  }
+  if (auto Right = expect(MITokenKind::RightParen, "')' after !DIExpression"); !Right)
+    return std::unexpected(Right.error());
+  return MachineDIExpression(std::move(Elements));
+}
+
+Expected<MachineMetadataValue> MetadataTextParser::parseValue() {
+  MachineMetadataValue Value;
+  if (at(MITokenKind::Exclaim)) {
+    auto Reference = parseReference();
+    if (!Reference)
+      return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
+    auto Created = MachineMetadataValue::reference(*Reference);
+    if (!Created)
+      return std::unexpected(Created.error());
+    Value = std::move(*Created);
+  } else {
+    auto Expression = parseExpression();
+    if (!Expression)
+      return std::unexpected(Expression.error());
+    Value = MachineMetadataValue::expression(std::move(*Expression));
+  }
+  if (auto Finished = finish(); !Finished)
+    return std::unexpected(Finished.error());
+  return Value;
+}
+
+Expected<void>
+MetadataTextParser::parseDILocation(std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> &Frames,
+                                    std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> &Terminal) {
+  if (!at(MITokenKind::MetadataKeyword) || !token().isMetadataKeyword("!DILocation")) {
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected an inline !DILocation");
+  }
+  advance();
+  if (auto Left = expect(MITokenKind::LeftParen, "'(' after !DILocation"); !Left)
+    return Left;
+
+  MachineDILocationFrame Frame;
+  bool HasLine = false;
+  bool HasScope = false;
+  std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> NestedFrames;
+  std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> NestedTerminal;
+  std::unordered_set<std::string> Seen;
+  while (!at(MITokenKind::RightParen)) {
+    if (!at(MITokenKind::Identifier))
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "expected a DILocation field name");
+    const std::string Field(token().stringValue());
+    if (!Seen.insert(Field).second) {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "duplicate DILocation field '" + Field + "'");
+    }
+    advance();
+    if (auto Colon = expect(MITokenKind::Colon, "':' after a DILocation field"); !Colon)
+      return Colon;
+
+    if (Field == "line") {
+      std::uint32_t Value = 0;
+      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned32(token().integerValue(), Value)) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                              "DILocation line must be an unsigned 32-bit integer");
+      }
+      Frame.Line = Value;
+      HasLine = true;
+      advance();
+    } else if (Field == "column") {
+      std::uint64_t Value = 0;
+      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Value) ||
+          Value > std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max()) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                              "DILocation column must be an unsigned 16-bit integer");
+      }
+      Frame.Column = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(Value);
+      advance();
+    } else if (Field == "scope") {
+      auto Scope = parseReference();
+      if (!Scope)
+        return std::unexpected(Scope.error());
+      if (Scope->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                              "DILocation scope must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata");
+      }
+      Frame.Scope = *Scope;
+      HasScope = true;
+    } else if (Field == "inlinedAt") {
+      if (at(MITokenKind::MetadataKeyword) && token().isMetadataKeyword("!DILocation")) {
+        if (auto Nested = parseDILocation(NestedFrames, NestedTerminal); !Nested)
+          return Nested;
+      } else {
+        auto Reference = parseReference();
+        if (!Reference)
+          return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
+        if (Reference->scope() != MachineMetadataScope::EmbeddedIR) {
+          return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                                "DILocation inlinedAt must reference embedded LLVM IR metadata");
+        }
+        NestedTerminal = *Reference;
+      }
+    } else if (Field == "isImplicitCode") {
+      if (!at(MITokenKind::Identifier) ||
+          (token().stringValue() != "true" && token().stringValue() != "false")) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError,
+                              "DILocation isImplicitCode must be true or false");
+      }
+      Frame.IsImplicitCode = token().stringValue() == "true";
+      advance();
+    } else if (Field == "atomGroup") {
+      std::uint64_t Value = 0;
+      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Value) ||
+          Value > MachineDILocation::MaxAtomGroup) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DILocation atomGroup exceeds 61 bits");
+      }
+      Frame.AtomGroup = Value;
+      advance();
+    } else if (Field == "atomRank") {
+      std::uint64_t Value = 0;
+      if (!at(MITokenKind::IntegerLiteral) || !parseUnsigned(token().integerValue(), Value) ||
+          Value > 7) {
+        return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DILocation atomRank exceeds three bits");
+      }
+      Frame.AtomRank = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(Value);
+      advance();
+    } else {
+      return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "unknown DILocation field '" + Field + "'");
+    }
+    if (!consume(MITokenKind::Comma))
+      break;
+  }
+  if (auto Right = expect(MITokenKind::RightParen, "')' after !DILocation"); !Right)
+    return Right;
+  if (!HasLine || !HasScope)
+    return makeUnexpected(ErrorCode::ParseError, "DILocation requires line and scope fields");
+  Frames.push_back(Frame);
+  Frames.insert(Frames.end(), NestedFrames.begin(), NestedFrames.end());
+  Terminal = NestedTerminal;
+  return {};
+}
+
+Expected<MachineDebugLocation> MetadataTextParser::parseLocation() {
+  MachineDebugLocation Location;
+  if (at(MITokenKind::Exclaim)) {
+    auto Reference = parseReference();
+    if (!Reference)
+      return std::unexpected(Reference.error());
+    auto Created = MachineDebugLocation::reference(*Reference);
+    if (!Created)
+      return std::unexpected(Created.error());
+    Location = std::move(*Created);
+  } else {
+    std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> Frames;
+    std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> Terminal;
+    if (auto Parsed = parseDILocation(Frames, Terminal); !Parsed)
+      return std::unexpected(Parsed.error());
+    auto Created = MachineDILocation::create(std::move(Frames), Terminal);
+    if (!Created)
+      return std::unexpected(Created.error());
+    Location = MachineDebugLocation::inlineLocation(std::move(*Created));
+  }
+  if (auto Finished = finish(); !Finished)
+    return std::unexpected(Finished.error());
+  return Location;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataTextParser.h b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataTextParser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8ebb12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRMetadataTextParser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(llvm-header-guard)
+#ifndef RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRMETADATATEXTPARSER_H
+#define RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRMETADATATEXTPARSER_H
+
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineDebugInfo.h"
+#include "rcc/CodeGen/MachineMetadata.h"
+#include "rcc/MIR/MILexer.h"
+#include "rcc/Support/Error.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rcc::mir {
+
+class MetadataTextParser final {
+public:
+  using Resolver = std::function<Expected<MachineMetadataReference>(std::uint32_t Slot)>;
+
+  MetadataTextParser(std::string Text, Resolver Resolve)
+      : Lexer("MIR metadata scalar", std::move(Text)), Resolve(std::move(Resolve)) {
+    do {
+      Tokens.push_back(Lexer.next());
+    } while (!Tokens.back().isErrorOrEnd());
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataReference> parseReferenceOnly();
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataValue> parseValue();
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineDebugLocation> parseLocation();
+
+private:
+  [[nodiscard]] const MIToken &token() const noexcept {
+    return Tokens[Position];
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] bool at(MITokenKind Kind) const noexcept {
+    return token().is(Kind);
+  }
+  void advance() noexcept {
+    if (Position + 1U < Tokens.size())
+      ++Position;
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] bool consume(MITokenKind Kind) noexcept {
+    if (!at(Kind))
+      return false;
+    advance();
+    return true;
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<void> expect(MITokenKind Kind, std::string_view Description);
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<void> finish();
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineMetadataReference> parseReference();
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<MachineDIExpression> parseExpression();
+  [[nodiscard]] Expected<void> parseDILocation(std::vector<MachineDILocationFrame> &Frames,
+                                               std::optional<MachineMetadataReference> &Terminal);
+
+  MILexer Lexer;
+  Resolver Resolve;
+  std::vector<MIToken> Tokens;
+  std::size_t Position = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir
+
+#endif // RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRMETADATATEXTPARSER_H
diff --git a/backend/lib/MIR/MIRParserUtilities.h b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRParserUtilities.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f69548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/lib/MIR/MIRParserUtilities.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(llvm-header-guard)
+#ifndef RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRPARSERUTILITIES_H
+#define RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRPARSERUTILITIES_H
+
+#include <charconv>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace rcc::mir::parser_detail {
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline std::string_view trim(std::string_view Text) noexcept {
+  while (!Text.empty() && (Text.front() == ' ' || Text.front() == '\t' || Text.front() == '\r' ||
+                           Text.front() == '\n')) {
+    Text.remove_prefix(1);
+  }
+  while (!Text.empty() && (Text.back() == ' ' || Text.back() == '\t' || Text.back() == '\r' ||
+                           Text.back() == '\n')) {
+    Text.remove_suffix(1);
+  }
+  return Text;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool parseUnsigned(std::string_view Text, std::uint64_t &Value) noexcept {
+  Text = trim(Text);
+  int Base = 10;
+  if (Text.starts_with("0x") || Text.starts_with("0X")) {
+    Text.remove_prefix(2);
+    Base = 16;
+  }
+  if (Text.empty())
+    return false;
+  const auto [End, Error] = std::from_chars(Text.data(), Text.data() + Text.size(), Value, Base);
+  return Error == std::errc{} && End == Text.data() + Text.size();
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool parseSigned(std::string_view Text, std::int64_t &Value) noexcept {
+  Text = trim(Text);
+  if (Text.empty())
+    return false;
+  const auto [End, Error] = std::from_chars(Text.data(), Text.data() + Text.size(), Value, 10);
+  return Error == std::errc{} && End == Text.data() + Text.size();
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool parseUnsigned32(std::string_view Text, std::uint32_t &Value) noexcept {
+  std::uint64_t Wide = 0;
+  if (!parseUnsigned(Text, Wide) || Wide > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max())
+    return false;
+  Value = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(Wide);
+  return true;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool parseBool(std::string_view Text, bool &Value) noexcept {
+  if (Text == "true") {
+    Value = true;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (Text == "false") {
+    Value = false;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline std::optional<std::uint32_t>
+parsePrefixedID(std::string_view Text, std::string_view Prefix) noexcept {
+  Text = trim(Text);
+  if (!Text.starts_with(Prefix))
+    return std::nullopt;
+  Text.remove_prefix(Prefix.size());
+  const std::size_t Suffix = Text.find_first_of(". \t");
+  if (Suffix != std::string_view::npos)
+    Text = Text.substr(0, Suffix);
+  std::uint32_t ID = 0;
+  if (!parseUnsigned32(Text, ID))
+    return std::nullopt;
+  return ID;
+}
+
+} // namespace rcc::mir::parser_detail
+
+#endif // RCC_LIB_MIR_MIRPARSERUTILITIES_H