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// Richard CPU
// Copyright (C) 2026 Richard Qin
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// File path: rtl/core/trap_ctrl.sv
// Description: Privileged-level Trap Controller (Exception and Interrupt Handling)
// Detects exceptions/interrupts, triggers context saving, and generates global pipeline flush and PC jump signals
module trap_ctrl
import rv64_pkg::*;
import csr_pkg::*;
(
// Submission signals from the WB stage (guarantee of precise exceptions)
input logic [XLEN-1:0] wb_pc,
input logic trap_illegal_instr,
input logic trap_is_ecall,
input logic trap_is_ebreak,
input logic trap_is_mret,
input logic trap_is_sret,
input logic trap_load_fault,
input logic trap_store_fault,
input logic trap_instr_page_fault,
input logic trap_load_page_fault,
input logic trap_store_page_fault,
input logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_bad_addr,
input logic [INST_WIDTH-1:0] trap_bad_instr,
// Interrupt pin from external source (asynchronous signal)
input logic ext_timer_int, // M-Mode Machine Timer Interrupt (MTIP)
input logic ext_software_int, // M-Mode Software Interrupt (MSIP)
input logic ext_external_int, // M-Mode External Interrupt (MEIP)
// Status read from CSR Unit
input logic csr_mstatus_mie, // Global interrupt enable (MIE)
input logic [XLEN-1:0] csr_mtvec, // Machine trap vector
input logic [XLEN-1:0] csr_stvec, // Supervisor trap vector
input logic [XLEN-1:0] csr_mepc, // Machine exception PC (for MRET)
input logic [XLEN-1:0] csr_sepc, // Supervisor exception PC (for SRET)
input logic [XLEN-1:0] csr_medeleg, // Exception delegation mask
input logic [XLEN-1:0] csr_mideleg, // Interrupt delegation mask
input logic [1:0] csr_priv_mode, // Current privilege level
// Status update signal sent to the CSR Unit
output logic trap_trigger, // Trigger exception/interrupt context save
output logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_mepc, // Saved PC (MEPC/SEPC selected by trap_to_s_mode)
output logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_mcause, // Cause code (bit63 indicates interrupt)
output logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_mtval, // Additional information saved to mtval/stval
output logic trap_to_s_mode, // 1: delegated to Supervisor mode
output logic mret_en, // Trigger MRET context restore
output logic sret_en, // Trigger SRET context restore
// Control flow interference sent to the Hazard Unit and IF stage
output logic trap_flush_req, // Global pipeline flush request
output logic trap_pc_sel, // Forcibly take over PC MUX (0: normal, 1: Trap/Mret/Sret)
output logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_next_pc // Target address for forced jump
);
typedef enum logic [1:0] {
PRIV_MODE_U = 2'b00,
PRIV_MODE_S = 2'b01,
PRIV_MODE_M = 2'b11
} priv_mode_t;
localparam logic [XLEN-1:0] INTERRUPT_BIT = {1'b1, {(XLEN-1){1'b0}}};
logic has_sync_exception;
logic [XLEN-1:0] sync_cause;
logic [XLEN-1:0] sync_mtval;
logic [XLEN-1:0] illegal_instr_value;
assign illegal_instr_value = {{(XLEN-INST_WIDTH){1'b0}}, trap_bad_instr};
always_comb begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b0;
sync_cause = '0;
sync_mtval = '0;
if (trap_illegal_instr) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_INST_ILLEGAL;
sync_mtval = illegal_instr_value;
end else if (trap_is_ebreak) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_BREAKPOINT;
sync_mtval = wb_pc;
end else if (trap_is_ecall) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
case (priv_mode_t'(csr_priv_mode))
PRIV_MODE_U: sync_cause = EXC_ECALL_FROM_U;
PRIV_MODE_S: sync_cause = EXC_ECALL_FROM_S;
default: sync_cause = EXC_ECALL_FROM_M;
endcase
sync_mtval = '0;
end else if (trap_load_fault) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_LOAD_FAULT;
sync_mtval = trap_bad_addr;
end else if (trap_store_fault) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_STORE_FAULT;
sync_mtval = trap_bad_addr;
end else if (trap_instr_page_fault) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_INSTR_PAGE_FAULT;
sync_mtval = trap_bad_addr;
end else if (trap_load_page_fault) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_LOAD_PAGE_FAULT;
sync_mtval = trap_bad_addr;
end else if (trap_store_page_fault) begin
has_sync_exception = 1'b1;
sync_cause = EXC_STORE_PAGE_FAULT;
sync_mtval = trap_bad_addr;
end
end
// Interrupt Detection - Asynchronous, Protected by MIE
logic has_interrupt;
logic [XLEN-1:0] int_cause;
always_comb begin
has_interrupt = 1'b0;
int_cause = '0;
if (csr_mstatus_mie) begin
if (ext_external_int) begin
has_interrupt = 1'b1;
int_cause = INTERRUPT_BIT | INT_M_EXTERNAL;
end else if (ext_software_int) begin
has_interrupt = 1'b1;
int_cause = INTERRUPT_BIT | INT_M_SOFTWARE;
end else if (ext_timer_int) begin
has_interrupt = 1'b1;
int_cause = INTERRUPT_BIT | INT_M_TIMER;
end
end
end
logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_cause_value;
logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_mtval_value;
logic trap_is_interrupt;
assign trap_is_interrupt = has_interrupt;
assign trap_cause_value = has_interrupt ? int_cause : sync_cause;
assign trap_mtval_value = has_interrupt ? '0 : sync_mtval;
assign trap_trigger = has_interrupt | has_sync_exception;
logic [5:0] trap_cause_index;
logic delegate_to_s;
logic [XLEN-1:0] deleg_mask;
assign trap_cause_index = trap_cause_value[5:0];
assign deleg_mask = trap_is_interrupt ? csr_mideleg : csr_medeleg;
assign delegate_to_s = trap_trigger && (priv_mode_t'(csr_priv_mode) != PRIV_MODE_M) && deleg_mask[trap_cause_index];
assign trap_to_s_mode = delegate_to_s;
assign trap_mcause = trap_trigger ? trap_cause_value : '0;
assign trap_mtval = trap_trigger ? trap_mtval_value : '0;
assign trap_mepc = trap_trigger ? wb_pc : '0;
assign mret_en = trap_is_mret & ~trap_trigger;
assign sret_en = trap_is_sret & ~trap_trigger;
assign trap_flush_req = trap_trigger | mret_en | sret_en;
assign trap_pc_sel = trap_flush_req;
logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_vector_base;
logic [1:0] trap_vector_mode;
logic [XLEN-1:0] trap_vector_aligned;
assign trap_vector_base = delegate_to_s ? csr_stvec : csr_mtvec;
assign trap_vector_mode = trap_vector_base[1:0];
assign trap_vector_aligned = {trap_vector_base[XLEN-1:2], 2'b00};
always_comb begin
if (trap_trigger) begin
if ((trap_vector_mode == 2'b01) && trap_is_interrupt) begin
trap_next_pc = trap_vector_aligned + (({{(XLEN-6){1'b0}}, trap_cause_index}) << 2);
end else begin
trap_next_pc = trap_vector_aligned;
end
end else if (mret_en) begin
trap_next_pc = csr_mepc;
end else if (sret_en) begin
trap_next_pc = csr_sepc;
end else begin
trap_next_pc = '0;
end
end
endmodule
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